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Aviles Naming Compounds

Naming Compounds

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Tito V. Bautista Jr.
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41 views

Aviles Naming Compounds

Naming Compounds

Uploaded by

Tito V. Bautista Jr.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NAMING

COMPOUND
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE

Aviles, Kristine Eunice D.


11 STEM-Newton
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
 Organic compounds contain carbon and
hydrogen that is covalently bonded to
non-metals
 Can be very complex
 Common in living organisms
 Organic molecules are formed with
covalent bonds
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
 Compounds that do not contain both
Carbon and Hydrogen (with some
exceptions)
 Less complicated molecules
 Inorganic compounds are bonded with
ion bonds
IONIC COMPOUND
 Composed of cations and anions
 Formed from a metal (+) and nonmetal
(-)
 It is ionically bonded
MOLECULAR/COVALENT
COMPOUND
 Composed of neutral atoms
 The elements are usually nonmetals
 It is covalently bonded
NAMING IONIC
COMPOUND
Remember that the charge of an ion
can be determined by its place on
the Periodic Table.
Oxidation Numbers
 It is a small whole number directly related to
the combining ability of an atom to form a
compound with another atom.
 Tells us how many electrons had been
gained, lost or shared to become stable.
 Determined by the charge of the ion
 Transition elements have more than one
oxidation number – expressed in Roman
Numerals
 We learned that ionic compounds are
made up of cations (positive ions) and
anions (negative ions). With the
important exception of ammonium ion.,
all cations of interest to us are derived
from metal atoms.
 Metal cations take their names from the
elements.
EXAMPLE
ELEMENT NAME OF CATION
Na Sodium Na+ Sodium ion
(Sodium cation)
K Potassium K+ Potassium ion
(Potassium cation)
Mg Magnesium Mg2+ Magnesium ion
(Magnesium cation)
Al Aluminum Al3+ Aluminum ion
(Aluminum cation)
1. BINARY COMPOUNDS
Many ionic compounds are BINARY
COMPOUNDS formed by just two
elements.
(Group A Metal + Nonmetal)

FIRST NAME LAST NAME


Name of Metal Stem of Nonmetal + “-ide”
 Binary ionic
compounds contain
positive cations and
negative anions.
 Group A Metals
 Metal present
forms only
one cation.
 Group B Metals
 Metal present
can form 2 or
more cations
with different
charges.
Group A Metals
Metals (Groups I, II, and III) and Non-Metals

Sodium
Metal _________ Chlorine
+ Non-Metal _________ide
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Calcium
Metal _________ Bromine
+ Non-Metal _________ide
Calcium Bromide (CaBr2)
Aluminum + Non-Metal _________ide
Metal _________ Oxygen
Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)
EXAMPLES OF BINARY
COMPOUNDS
AlCl3 Aluminum Chloride

NaCl Sodium Chloride

KBr Potassium Bromide

*taking the first part of the element name + ide


Common Simple Cations and Anions

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved


2. CONSIST OF
TRANSITION METAL
 (Group B Metals with various
oxidation number + Nonmetal)
 Certain metals, especially the
transition metals, can form more
than one type of cation.
 Metals in these
compounds can form
more than one type of
positive charge.
 Charge on the metal
ion must be specified.
 Roman numeral
indicates the charge of
the metal cation.
 Transition metal
cations usually require
a Roman numeral.
Exception!
 Zinc (Zn) always has a 2+ charge and
Silver (Ag) which always has a 1+
charge.
 Both elements have a +3

definite charge Al
+2

Zn
+1

Ag
2 ways in writing a compound
with transition metals
a) STOCK SYSTEM (by Alfred Stock)
The oxidation number of the metal is
written in Roman Numerals.

FIRST NAME LAST NAME


Stock System Stem of Nonmetal + “-ide”
b) CLASSICAL SYSTEM
The ending OUS and IC is the metal ion
corresponds to the lower and higher oxidation,
respectively.
An older nomenclature system that is still in
limited use assigns the ending “-ous” to the
cation with fewer positive charges and the
ending “-ic” to the cation with more positive
charges.

FIRST NAME LAST NAME


Classical System Stem of Nonmetal + “-ide”
EXAMPLE: Iron (Fe)
Iron (Fe) can form 2 cations Fe2+ and Fe3+

Fe2+ Ferrous ion

Fe3+ Ferric ion


EXAMPLE FOR STOCK SYSTEM
AND CLASSICAL SYSTEM
 REMEMBER: Positive (+) charges should be
balance on the Negative (-) charges.
EXAMPLE: Fe and Cl
FeCl

Fe
+
3 Fe 2+

Fe
Example: FeCl3 Example: FeCl2

Fe Cl3 Fe Cl2

Cl- Cl-

Fe Cl - Fe Cl-
______ ______
Cl -
2+ 2-
______ ______

3+ 3-
Criss-Cross Method
Example: FeCl2

Fe2+1 Cl-2 FeCl2

2x1=2
-1 x (2) = -2 2+(-2) = 0
Example: FeCl3

Fe3+1 Cl-3 FeCl3

3x1=3
-1 x (3) = -3 3+(-3) = 0
The names of the compounds that these
Iron ions form with the Chlorine would
thus be,
FeCl2

SS: Iron (II) Chloride


CS: Ferrous Chloride
FeCl3

SS: Iron (III) Chloride


CS: Ferric Chloride
Group B Metals
Metals (Transition Metals) and Non-Metals
Stock System
Iron
Metal ______ +Roman Numeral (__)III + Non-Metal ________ide
Bromine
Iron (III) Bromide FeBr3
Metal ______
Iron +Roman Numeral (__) II + Non-Metal ________ide
Bromine

Iron (II) Metals)


Metals (Transition Bromideand
FeBr
Non-Metals
2
Classical System
Ferric + ous or ic + Non-Metal ________ide
Metal (Latin) _______ Bromine
Ferric Bromide FeBr3
Ferrous + ous or ic + Non-Metal ________ide
Metal (Latin) _______ Bromine
Ferrous Bromide FeBr2
Common Type II Cations

27
3. Ternary Compounds
 Compounds consisting 3 elements
 The “-ide” ending is also used for certain anion
groups containing different elements, such as:
Hydroxide (OH) Cyanide (CN)
Polyatomic ion
– consists of 2 or more elements in an atom.
-usually ends in –ate or –ite, excemption fro
Hydroxide and Cyanide
-will have a parenthesis if the subscript is greater
than 1.
Names of Common Polyatomic Ions

29
 Naming ionic compounds
containing polyatomic ions follows
rules similar to those for binary
compounds.
2 ways in writing ternary
compounds
a) Group A Metal + Polyatomic ion
FIRST NAME LAST NAME
Name of Metal Name of Polyatomic ion

Example:
Al2(SO4)3 = Aluminum Sulfate

LiOH = Lithium Hydroxide


KCN = Potassium Cyanide
b) Group B Metal + Polyatomic ion
FIRST NAME LAST NAME
Stock System/ Name of Polyatomic ion
Classical System

Examples:
FeSO4 -> Fe2+ and Fe2(SO4)3 -> Fe3+
SO4-2 and SO4-2

SS: Iron (II) Sulfate SS: Iron (III) Sulfate


CS: Ferrous Sulfate CS: Ferric Sulfate
Hg2SO3-> Hg2+ and SO3-2
SS: Mercury (I) Sulfite
CS: Mercurous Sulfite
Thank You!

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