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Module 1. Unit 3.: Intellectual Revolutions and Society

This module discusses three major intellectual revolutions: 1) The Copernican Revolution overturned the geocentric model of the universe in favor of the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, challenging views of Earth's centrality. 2) Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection in Origin of Species transformed understandings of life's diversity and adaptation. 3) Freud's psychoanalytic theory developed in the 20th century revolutionized views of the human mind, introducing concepts of the unconscious and psychodynamic therapies.

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79 views

Module 1. Unit 3.: Intellectual Revolutions and Society

This module discusses three major intellectual revolutions: 1) The Copernican Revolution overturned the geocentric model of the universe in favor of the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, challenging views of Earth's centrality. 2) Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection in Origin of Species transformed understandings of life's diversity and adaptation. 3) Freud's psychoanalytic theory developed in the 20th century revolutionized views of the human mind, introducing concepts of the unconscious and psychodynamic therapies.

Uploaded by

MO Delcampo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1. Unit 3.

Intellectual
Revolutions and Society
Intended Learning Outcomes
1. Identify intellectual revolutions that shaped society across time.
2. Explain how intellectual revolutions transformed the views of
society about science and nature.
3. Discuss how these intellectual revolutions were influenced by
social, political, cultural, or economic contexts.
What is an intellectual revolution?
In Science and Technology, intellectual revolutions refer
to series of events that led to the emergence of
modern science and more current scientific thinking
across critical periods in history.
Intellectual revolutions as paradigm shifts
Intellectual revolutions can be considered paradigm
shifts resulting from a renewed and enlightened
understanding of how the universe behaves. They
challenged long held views about the nature of the
universe. Thus, these revolutions were more often than
not met with huge resistance and controversy,
especially during their onset.
Jean Sylvain Bailley’s Two-Stage Process
• Stage 1: ‘sweeping away the old’
• Stage 2: ‘establishing the new’
Foci of this unit
• Copernican Revolution
• Darwinian Revolution
• Freudian Revolution
Copernican Revolution
The Copernican Revolution refers to
the 16th century paradigm shift
named after Polish mathematician
and astronomer Nicolaus
Copernicus. Copernicus formulated
the heliocentric model of the
universe. At the time, the
geocentric model of Ptolemy was
the widely held belief about the
universe (i.e., Ptolemaic model).
Copernican Revolution
The idea that it is the Sun and not the
Earth that is at the center of the
universe proved to be unsettling in
the beginning. In fact, the heliocentric
model was met with huge resistance,
primarily from the Church, who
accused Copernicus of being a
heretic. At the time, the idea that it is
not the Earth, and, by extension, not
man too, that is at the center of all
creation proved to be uncomfortable.
Copernican Revolution
The contribution of the Copernican
Revolution is, until today, far-
reaching. It served as a catalyst to
sway scientific thinking away from
age long views about the position of
the Earth relative to an enlightened
understanding of the universe. This
marked the beginning of the birth
of modern astronomy.
Darwinian Revolution
English naturalist, geologist, and
biologist Charles Darwin is credited
for stirring another important
scientific revolution in the mid-19th
century. His treatise on the science
of evolution, On The Origin of
Species, was published in 1859 and
began a revolution that brought
humanity to a new era of
intellectual discovery.
Darwinian Revolution
Darwinian Revolution benefitted from
earlier scientific revolutions in the 16th
and 17th century in that it was guided by
confidence in human reason’s ability to
explain phenomena in the universe. For
his part, Darwin gathered evidence
pointing to what is now known as
natural selection, an evolutionary
process by which organisms, including
humans, inherit, develop, and adapt
traits that favored survival and
reproduction.
Darwinian Revolution
Darwin’s theory of evolution was, of
course, met with resistance. Critics
accused the theory of being either
short in accounting for the broad
and complex evolutionary process
or that the functional design of
organisms was a manifestation of an
omniscient God that of a theory of
evolution.
Freudian Revolution
Sigmund Freud is credited for stirring
a 20th century scientific revolution
named after him, the Freudian
Revolution. Psychoanalysis is at the
center of this revolution. Freud
developed Psychoanalysis as a
scientific method of understanding
inner and unconscious conflicts
springing from free associations,
dreams and fantasies of the
individual.
Freudian Revolution
Scientists working on a biological
approach to human behavior
criticized Psychoanalysis for lacking
vitality and bordering unscientific as
a theory. Particularly, the notion that
all humans are destined to exhibit
Oedipus and Electra complexes, i.e.,
sexual desire to the opposite sex
parent and exclusion of the same sex
parent, seemed to not be supported
by empirical data.
Freudian Revolution
Amidst the controversy, Freud’s
Psychoanalysis is widely given credit
for dominating psychotherapeutic
practice from the early 20th century.
Psychodynamic therapies that treat
a myriad of psychological disorders
remain still largely informed by
Freud’s work on Psychoanalysis.
Task
• After reading the material, take a screenshot of slide 13 with your
family and initials (ex. Cayabyab TA) on the screenshot (find ways and
means how to embed name initials) and submit on STEP ‘til Tuesday
12 noon.
• Have a nice week everyone, stay safe and God bless always

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