ENDOCRIN E S Y S TE M

OBJECTIVES
•AT THE END OF THE LECTURE THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
•1. IDENTIFY THR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE POSITIVE FEEDBACK
AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
•2. ENUMERATE THE HORMONES RELEASED BY HYPOTHALAMUS
AND ITS FUNCTIONS.
IS THE COLLECTION OF GLANDS
THAT PRODUCE HORMONES
 The Endocrine
System

regulates

Calcium
Water Response
Growth Reproduction Metabolism and glucose
balance to stress
levels

by means by means by means by means by means by means

of the of the of the of the of the of the

Pituitary Testes Thyroid Pancreas Adrenals

Ovaries Parathyroids
FEEDBACK MECHANISM

•POSITIVE FEEDBACK
•NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• HYPOTHALAMUS
• PITUITARY
• THYROID
• PARATHYROIDS
• ADRENALS,
• PINEAL BODY
• REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS (OVARIES AND
TESTES.)
 HYPOTHALAMUS

•LOCATED IN THE LOWER

CENTRAL PART OF THE BRAIN,
IS THE PRIMARY LINK BETWEEN
THE ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS releasing hormones
regulating body temperature
maintaining daily physiological cycles
SYSTEMS. controlling appetite
managing of sexual behavior
regulating emotional responses
 HYPOTHALAMUS

RELEASING &
INHIBITING
HORMONE

GONADOTROPIN CORTICOTROPIN
RELEASING THYROTROPIN PROLACTIN
HORMONE RELEASING GROWTH INHIBITING
HORMONE
HORMONE HORMONE HORMONE

ANTERIOR
PITUITARY
FOLLICLE
STIMULATING LUTEINIZING
HORMONE HORMONE ADRENOCOR THYROID
TICOTROPIC STIMULATING GROWTH
REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE HORMONE PROLACTIN
HORMONE
SYSTEM HORMONE

ADRENAL
THYROID
TESTOSTERONE CORTEX OF
SPERM GLAND GROWING
THE KIDNEYS
MUSCLES &
BONES FEMALE BREAST

EGG PROGESTERONE CORTISOL T3 & T4

 PITUITARY GLAND
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

FSH &LH TSH ACTH

OXYTOCIN ADH

PROLACTIN GROWTH
HORMONE
THYROID GLAND
PRODUCES THYROID
HORMONES
T3 – TRIIODOTHYRONINE
T4 – THYROXINE
CALCITONIN
 HYPOTHALAMUS

RELEASING
HORMONE

THYROID
STIMULATING
HORMONE

THYROID
GLAND

T3 T4
THYROID HORMONE TARGET ORGANS
NERVOUS
BONES SYSTEM

GI TRACT
MUSCLE
CELLS SKIN HEART
PARATHYROID GLAND

PRODUCES:
PARATHROID
HORMONE
ADRENAL CORTEX
ADRENAL MEDULLA – SECRETES
EPINEPHRINE & NOR EPINEPHRINE
ADRENAL CORTEX – SECRETES
CORTISOL, ALDOSTERONE,
TESTOSTERONE
 HYPOTHALAMUS

RELEASING HORMONE
(ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE)

ADRENAL CORTEX ADRENAL MEDULLA

NOREPINE
ALDOSTE TESTOSTE
CORTISOL EPINEPHRINE PHRINE
RONE RONE
PINEAL GLAND
REGULATES THE SECRETION
OF MELATONIN
THAT CONTROLS THE
SLEEP/WAKE PATTERN
(CIRCADIAN RHYTHM)
REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS
 HYPOTHALAMUS

RELEASING HORMONE
(ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE)

PITUITARY GLAND

FOLLICLE STIMULATING
LUTEINIZING HORMONE
HORMONE

TESTIS OVARIES

TESTOSTE
RONE
 HYPOTHALAMUS

RELEASING HORMONE
(ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE)

PITUITARY GLAND

FOLLICLE STIMULATING
LUTEINIZING HORMONE
HORMONE

Stimulates the ovaries

ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE
 But during pregnancy
PLACENTA will do the releasing of the
following hormones

PROGESTERON ESTROGEN

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

HUMAN PLACENTAL (HCG)
LACTOGEN (HPL)
CORTICOTROPIC RELEASING
RELAXIN
HORMONE
 PANCREAS
ISLET OF LANGERHAN
4 TYPES OF CELLS
ALPHA CELLS BETA CELLS
DELTA CELLS GAMMA CELLS
END