UMTS Tx. Chain: by Eng. Waleed El Safoury
UMTS Tx. Chain: by Eng. Waleed El Safoury
Chain
By Eng.
WALEED EL SAFOURY
• Error correction
Convolutional
• For low rate
• Error correction
Turbo
• For high rate
Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRC Algorithms
• CRC Algorithms
• 0, 8, 12, 16, or 24 parity bits (determined by upper layers)
• g(CRC8) = D 8 + D7 + D 4 + D 3 + D + 1
The Convolutional Coder
Zk
Data InX D D D
k
Rate = X
M
U
Turbo X Data Out
Z’k
Interleaver
D D D
RF
Transmission Path
Receiver
De-
Interleaving
Interleaved Data Samples Matrix De-Interleaved Data Samples To Viterbi
1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 decoder
4 5 6
Errors Clustered 7 8 9 Errors Distributed
Interleaving
Before
0, 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , (RC - 1)
Interleaving
0 m 1 C-1
Read Data C C+m C+1 2C-1
from Matrix • • • •
Column-wise • • • •
(R-1)C (R-1)(C+m) (R-1)(C+1) RC-1
C0 Cm C1 CF-1
After
Interleaving 0, C, … , (R-1)C , m, C+m, … (R-1)(C+m) , … , 1, C+1 , (R-1)(C+1), .., C-1 , 2C-1 , … RC-1
• Ciphering
Complex scrambling
G1
G2
G1
G2
Quadrature Spreading and Modulation