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Two Big Questions: Nature Vs Nurture Critical Period

This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate on human development. It explores the role of genetics and environment, specifically: 1) Genetics determine traits through genes located on chromosomes, which can be dominant or recessive alleles. 2) Environmental factors also influence development through social learning and skill training from the environment. 3) Studies on identical twins separated at birth provide evidence for genetic influences, but the environment is also crucial as genes alone do not determine outcomes.

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33 views

Two Big Questions: Nature Vs Nurture Critical Period

This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate on human development. It explores the role of genetics and environment, specifically: 1) Genetics determine traits through genes located on chromosomes, which can be dominant or recessive alleles. 2) Environmental factors also influence development through social learning and skill training from the environment. 3) Studies on identical twins separated at birth provide evidence for genetic influences, but the environment is also crucial as genes alone do not determine outcomes.

Uploaded by

sabrinazhanglei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

1

Two big questions


Nature vs Nurture

Critical Period
2

Nature vs Nurture
Why are we the way we are?

Francis Galton
3

Nature versus Nurture


Why are we the way we are?
4
Nature
• People behave
the way they do
because they are
determined by
their biology -
genetics.
5
Nature

"to show...that a man's


natural abilities are
derived by inheritance."

Hereditary Genius (1869)


Francis Galton
6
Nature

Imprinting
7

Imprinting
8
Genetic patterned behaviour…..

Attachment in humans, Imprinting in animals – both behaviours promote survival


9
Genetics
• Family traits, physical appearance, height,
hair colour, eye colour….
10

Genotype vs Phenotype
11
Genotype
•Definition: the
genetic pattern that
an individual inherits.
12
Phenotype
• Phenotype:
– Observable and measurable behaviours,
characteristics and traits
– An interaction of the genotype with the
environment
• E.g. aggressive behaviour, personality
13
Genotype - Genes

“Blue eye gene” “Freckle gene”


14
Genotype - Genes
• Genes
–A segment of
DNA for the
production of
proteins
15
Genotype - Genes
• Genes
–Nucleotide bases:
ATGC
–Nucleotide pairs: AT,
GC
16
Genotype - Genes
17
Genotype - Gene
18
Genotype - Gene
19
Genotype - Chromosome
• Chromosomes
– Located in the nucleus
– Genes are located at a
specific locus on the
chromosome
20
Genotype - Allele
• Genes
– Two copies of each gene (one from dad and
one from mom)
• Alleles: different versions of genes
• Homozygous vs heterozygous
21
Genotype - Allele
• Genotype to your blood type
– Blood type: A,B,O
– Homozygous
• Both inherited alleles are A
– Heterozygous
• Dominant vs recessive
22
Nurture
• People behave the
way they do because
they are determined
by their
environment.
23
Environmental Factors
• What environmental factors affect
development?
24
Evidence to support Nature
• Dr Thomas Bouchard of the Minnesota
Centre for Twin Adoption Research
concluded that genetic factors play a huge
part in human behaviour. The study
focussed on identical twins who had been
raised apart from each other.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gwnzW4jOMI
Gene is not everything! 25

Mental illness & Environment

Social learning - bobo doll


https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PsTlJyox0Kg

Skill training - London Taxi driver


26
Interim Summary
• Genotype vs Phenotype
• Nature
• Genes
• Chromosome
• Gene alleles
• Nurture
– Gene is not everything
– Environmental factors

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