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8 Centrifugal Compressor Performance

Centrifugal compressors operate along a performance curve that shows the relationship between pressure ratio and flow capacity. The curve has limits defined by choking at high flow and surge at low flow. Choking occurs when the tip speed equals the speed of sound, limiting maximum flow. Surge is an unstable oscillating flow that results from flow separation and rotating stall within the compressor. Controls like inlet guide vanes and variable speed drives are used to manage the operating point and avoid surge.

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Hazem Ramdan
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322 views

8 Centrifugal Compressor Performance

Centrifugal compressors operate along a performance curve that shows the relationship between pressure ratio and flow capacity. The curve has limits defined by choking at high flow and surge at low flow. Choking occurs when the tip speed equals the speed of sound, limiting maximum flow. Surge is an unstable oscillating flow that results from flow separation and rotating stall within the compressor. Controls like inlet guide vanes and variable speed drives are used to manage the operating point and avoid surge.

Uploaded by

Hazem Ramdan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPRESSORS

CENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSOR
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE CURVE

line
Perfo

e
r manc
Surg e cur
ve
Pressure ratio

Operating point
rp

e line
r v e
cu

Chok
t e m
Sys
Q
Suction capacity
Choking

Surge

Performance

Capacity control
CHOKING
SONIC SPEED

CHOKING

 𝑚
˙

Flow velocity = sonic speed


SONIC SPEED

Flow

Pressure

Sonic speed = a Flow velocity = c

 
𝑐≤𝑎
COMPRESSOR CHOKING

rp

c=a

Stone wall
Choke line
CHOKING

Q
IMPELLER INDUCER

𝐵𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑒
  𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑=𝜔∙ 𝒓

Same max velocity

Small average velocity


Late choking
 N can be increased
 higher Q and P
SURGE
FLOW SEPARATION

FLOW SEPARATION

back flow

P P P
back flow

  𝒅𝑷   𝒅𝑷
<𝟎 >𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Favorable Adverse
pressure gradient pressure gradient
AIRFOIL STALL

STALL
P P P
Lift

Lift

Angle of attack
COMPRESSOR STALL

STALL
rp

P P

Q
ROTATING STALL

Direction of propagation of stall


SURGE

rp

PP PP

Q
COMPRESSOR STALL 1
COMPRESSOR STALL 2
DIFFUSER BLADES

P
P
SURGE EFFECT

Noise and vibrations

P & Q fluctuations

Continuous T rise

Damage of seals & bearings


AIR COMPRESSOR SURGE
TURBOCHARGER SURGE
AIRPLANE ENGINE COMPRESSOR SURGE
SURGE CONTROL

Blow off valve Bypass valve

Anti-surge valve
Atm
(ASV)

Blow off Cooler


valve

P P

For air compressors For compressors handling


dangerous gases
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE MAP

cont urge
e
r ol l i n
s
Anti-
line 650
0 rp
Pressure ratio

m
e
600
Surg

0 rp
m
550
0 rp
m
500

line
0 rp
m

ke
Suction capacity Cho
CAPACITY CONTROL
1/4 THROTTLING 2/4 BYPASS CONTROL

Cooler
3/4 INLET GUIDE VANES (IGV) 4/4 SPEED CONTROL

rp rp
Open

line
650

ASCL
0 rp

e
600 m

Surg
0 rp
550 m
0 rp
m

line
500
0 rp
m

ke
Cho
Q Q
More suitable for single stage
compressors

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