Electric Loco Shed , DDU, East Central Railway, Chandauli

Contents
Electric Loco Maintenance
• Introduction
• General study of Locomotives at DDU
• Section Duties and Different Loco Components Functions
• Project
• Future Scope
• Conclusion
 Introduction
About the Shed
• It’s a Traction rolling stock-this branch carries
maintenance of electric locomotive.
• All types of monthly schedules, Annual Overhaul,
Intermediate Overhaul, Trip schedules, minor repairs,
heavy repairs, overhauling of the equipments etc. are
carried out.
• This Shed mainly carries out the maintenance of Wap-4
and Wag-7.
Traction power circuit

This is the basic block diagram of the traction power

circuit that propels a locomotive
General Characteristics of Wap 4 and
Wap-7
General Characteristics of Wap 4 and
Wap-7
•Both these locos use the same dc drives having same no of dc series motor i.e. 6
•The continuous motor rating of a single motor is 630 kw.
•The total amount of power produced is 5000 hp by both locos
•The gear ratio is just changed for both of the locos as Wap -4 is used to carry
passengers so it is fast and Wag-7 is used for Haulage purposes so it can carry more
mass for less speeds
ELECTRIC LOCO SHED
EASTERN CENTRAL RAILWAY,MUGHALSARAI
 CONTROL UNIT
DIFFERENT CARDS USED ARE-:
• DIGITAL INPUT CARD-: 
• This contains hardware req for converting the high voltage signals for
110V from loco to low voltage Dc 5V for micro system.
• DIGITAL OUTPUT CARD-:
• This card converts 5v digital generated by micro to 110V DC signals.
• Yellow colour on LED indicates status of signals by micro and green
indicates 110V Dc.
• ANALOG DIGITAL CARD-:
• This card accepts low voltage analog signals given by signal
conditions units.
 • INTERFACE CARD-:
• This card communicates with both the display unit.
• CPU CARD-:
• This card is designed with 16 bit microprocessor.
• It reads analog voltages from SCU.
• POWER SUPPLY CARD-:
• This accepts locomotive battery supply voltage
from 60v to 140v.
 INTRODUCTION TO LOCO
SHED
• The shed takes care of Wide Area Multipurpose(WAM), Wide Area Passenger(WAP)
and Wide Area Goods(WAG) engines with a schedule of one full maintenance once in
three in months.

Electrical department has 3 branches TRS, TRD & TRO:-

• TRS (Traction Rolling Stock):- Maintenance of locomotives is being carried out by

this branch
• .TRD (Traction Rolling Department):- Maintenance of Over head equipment are being
carried out by this branch.
• TRO(Traction Rolling Operation):- Utilisation of crew (running staff) Proper
operation of locomotive.
 PROJEC
T:
MICROPROCESSOR BASED CONTROL AND FAULT
DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
• INTRODUCTION 
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• BASIC IDEA
• COMPONENT TO IMPLEMENT IDEA
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CONCLUSION
• Microbased control and fault diagnostic system type can be
designed to work with WAG 7 and WAG 4 in harsh environment
of locomotives in Indian Railway.
MICROPROCESSOR BASED
CONTROL AND FAULT DIAGNOSTIC
SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION

• To reduce the Intervention by the driver during faults and trouble

shooting activities are simplified.
• No confusion to driver in case of wheel slip, only mechanical wheel
slip is indicated as wheel slip.
• Detailed fault indications wiith audio visual warnings to driver.
 WHAT CAUSES FAULT?
• Changes in the conditions of overloading leading to heating of
winding ,failure of insulation.
• It may be also due to  aging leads to open circuit,deterioration of
insulation .
• External influences like voltage surges,lightning,short circuits.
 BENEFITS OF MPSC
• Microprocessor automatically  reduces the exitation to safe zone if
timings are excedded and restricts the load meter to safe zone.
• More than one traction motor can be isolated instead of one in
conventional locos.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• Control unit :-
It reads the digital and analog input signals and denounces them
through software.
If the set limit of TM(traction motor),OHE(overhead) voltage,or
ARNO voltage is crossed then either  auto regression  or DJ tripping
is done.
For every normal  DJ opening with BLDG, the standby CPU card
becomes active and active CPU card becomes standby.
DISPLAY UNIT-:
• On powering up display unit checks for communication from control unit.
• Any fault message from control unit is announced by displaying of message on LCD and sounding of
hooter.
• Hooter continous to sound until acknowledged key is pressed in the CAB, where BL key is made on.
 PART-1
ELECTRIC LOCO MAINTENANCE
1.TRANSFORMERS
Function-
Power must be supplied at frequent intervals as the high
currents result in large transmission system losses.
Transformers in the locomotives transform this power to a
low voltage and high current for the motors.
 TESTING AND MAINTENANCE
Tests -
1.Insulation Resistance Test-Meggering
2.Continuity Test
3.Winding Resistance Test
4.Ratio Test
Transformer oil testing-
Oil level check,oil temp. etc factors are essential to be tested periodically
Tests available-Dissolved Gas Analysis test,BDV test,Flash point,visual
inspection ,etc
Tap changer also needs to be maintained
 2. TRACTION MOTORS
Working-
• Traction Motor works on the principle of electromagnetic
induction
•  When electric field is provided to both stator and armature
then flux produces and due to that flux a torque is produced as
per lenz law therefore this torque thus rotates the rotor.
•That is how electrical energy is converted into mechanical
form.
•  In ac loco supply from OHE is passed to TRANSFORMR
through closing of DJ then after provided RECTIFIER circuit
which convert AC supply into DC (impure) and then to filters
which gives DC (pure) and finally output of filters is provided
to TRACTION MOTORS suspended on wheels.
 TESTING AND MAINTENANCE
Insulation Resistance test
Dielectric test
Polarity test
Heat Run test
Ovality test
Voltage drop test for commutator segments
 Future Scope OF
electric locomotives
Introduction
• Three phase AC drive technology is becoming very common and significant for
modern rail vehicles.
• These vehicles are equipped with GTO thyristors and microprocessor control
systems and are used for vehicle control, supervision of health and operations of all
major components and diagnostics.
 Why Need For change
• Speed and torque Regulation was cumbersome
• It was achieved by onload tapchangers and resistance control
• The relays were used for diagnosis of fault which increased the load of loco driver
• The loco driver had to diagnose the fault and isolate the faulty zones
• The running cost was higher and the efficiency was low due to certain losses
• The loco has to carry out some of the extra weight due to lagre dc filters.
• Needed some extra maintenance and it increased cost and electricity bills.
Advantages of a A.C.
locomotive
1. These are robust & require little maintenance
2. AC traction motors can easily operate at 4000 RPM in contrast to DC motors
which normally operate at speeds of 2400 RPM.
3. Power to weight ratio of three phase traction motor is much higher than the DC
motor
4. Three phase motor drives are 20 % more energy efficient compared to DC drives.
5. Microprocessor based fault diagnostic system guides crew about fault location and
suggest remedial action
6. Low life cycle cost
7. Three phase drive allows Regenerative braking down to standstill and Unity power
factor operation.
 Conclusions
• Testing of various components of Electric locomotive we gained more practical
knowledge on how componetes work and how to resolve faults.
• By the introduction of microprocessor in the field of locomotives reduces the
intervention by the driver during faults hence trouble shooting activities by driver is
simplified
• More than one traction motor can be isolated, as against single traction motor in
conventional locos.
• More than one traction motor can be isolated, as against single traction motor in
conventional locos.
• In Future we would be seeing conventional locomotives will be replaced slowly in
coming 15 years of time by AC Electric Locomotives.
• The maintenance of AC Electric Locos are less costly , requires less maintenance and
they are more efficient .
 References
1.https://indianrailways.gov.in/
2.https://www.electrical4u.com
3.Electric Locoshed DDU-HRD Dept. Books,Reseacrh Papers,etc