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04 Analysis of External Reactions and Internal Stress of Statically Determinate Structures

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140 views6 pages

04 Analysis of External Reactions and Internal Stress of Statically Determinate Structures

Uploaded by

Daniela Embornal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL

REACTIONS AND INTERNAL


STRESS OF STATICALLY
DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
BEAMS
A beam is a member that is subjected to bending or flexure by loads acting transversely to
its centroidal axis or sometimes by loads acting both transversely and parallel to this axis.

TYPES OF BEAMS ACCORDING TO SUPPORT:


1. Simple beam: supported by a hinge at one end and a roller support at the other end but is not
otherwise restrained.
2. Cantilever beam: supported at one end only, with a suitable restrain to prevent the rotation of
that end.
3. Overhanging beam: supported by a hinge and a roller reaction, with either or both ends
extending beyond the supports.
Reactions of statically determinate beams can be determined directly from the equations of static
equilibrium.
BEAMS
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS:
1. Propped beam: supported by roller or hinge at one end and restrained at the other end.
2. Fixed-ended or restrained beams: both supports are restrained.
3. Continuous beam: at least two spans with any type of supports.
Analysis of statically indeterminate beams will be discussed in later chapter of the course.
BEAMS
LOADS ON BEAMS:
1. Concentrated load: one that acts over so small distance that it can be assumed to act at a
point. Loads on columns may be considered as concentrated loads.
2. Distributed load: acts over a considerable length of the beam. It may be distributed
uniformly over the entire length or over part of the length. Distributed loads may be uniformly
varying or non-uniform. In a uniformly varying or triangular load, the intensity of loading
increases or decreases at a constant rate.
3. Trapezoidal loading is a combination of a uniform and a uniformly varying load. Weight of
beams and slabs of uniform dimensions and homogeneous properties are examples of uniformly
distributed or rectangular
loading. Pressure acting on a side of a dam results to a triangular loading.
BEAMS
SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT IN BEAMS
Shear Force (shear), V: The shear force at any transverse cross section of a straight beam is the
algebraic sum of the components acting transverse to the axis of the beam on all loads and
reactions applied to the portion of the beam on either side of the cross section. It is simpler to
restrict this algebraic sum to the loads that act on the segment to the left of the section. This
definition of shearing force (also called vertical shear or just shear) may be expressed
mathematically as:

The subscript L emphasizing that the vertical summation includes only the external loading
acting on the beam segment to the left of the section considered.
BEAMS
SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT IN BEAMS
Bending Moment, M: The bending moment at any transverse cross section of a straight beam is
the algebraic sum of the moments, taken about the centroidal axis of all the loads and reactions
applied to the portion of the beam on either side of the cross section. The axis about which the
moments are taken is normal to the plane of loading. Mathematically, it is expressed as:

The subscript L indicating that the bending moment is computed in terms of the loads acting to
the left of the section, and the subscript R referring to the loads to the right of the section.

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