Scribd
Upload
255 views

Dynamics of Rigid Bodies: Work and Energy

This document discusses the principles of work and energy. It defines work as the product of force and displacement, and energy as the capacity to do work. The principle of work and energy states that the initial kinetic energy plus the net work done on an object equals its final kinetic energy. Work is the transfer of energy from one point to another. The document provides an example problem calculating the displacement of a car's tires skidding to a stop using the work-energy principle.

Uploaded by

Jancis Tugade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
255 views

Dynamics of Rigid Bodies: Work and Energy

This document discusses the principles of work and energy. It defines work as the product of force and displacement, and energy as the capacity to do work. The principle of work and energy states that the initial kinetic energy plus the net work done on an object equals its final kinetic energy. Work is the transfer of energy from one point to another. The document provides an example problem calculating the displacement of a car's tires skidding to a stop using the work-energy principle.

Uploaded by

Jancis Tugade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES

WORK AND ENERGY


WORK (U) ENERGY (T)

- Is the product of FORCE and


DISPLACEMENT.
- The capacity to do Work.
- For a particle to do “Work”,
the displacement should be in
NOTE: KEEP IN MIND, WORK AND ENERGY
the same direction as the HAVE THE SAME UNIT BUT THEY ARE
application of Force. COMPLETELY DIFFERENT. WORK IS ENERGY
TRANSFER OR FOR MORE SIMPLICITY “THE
CHANGE IN ENERGY FROM ONE POINT TO
- It is the transfer of energy from ANOTHER”.
one point to another.

𝑈=𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑥
 
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
PRINCIPLE OF WORK AND ENERGY
𝑇 1 +∑ 𝑈 =𝑇 2
 

 
Where:
T1 = ;
 
The initial kinetic energy of the particle,
m = mass, v1 = initial velocity T2 =
The final kinetic energy of the particle,
  m = mass, v2 = final velocity
∑U = (Force x Distance);
The summation of work done by all the forces
acting on the particle.
PRINCIPLE OF WORK AND ENERGY

Keep in mind that Kinetic Energy, T1 and T2 , are always positive regardless the
direction of motion of the particle. Work on the other hand can be negative or
positive depending on the direction of motion of the particle with the force acting
upon it (Same direction of Force and Displacement = positive, opposite direction
of Force and Displacement= negative).

NOTE: A REAL LIFE EXAMPLE OF THE PRINCIPLE IS YOU. YOU GET UP IN THE MORNING (INITIAL KINETIC
ENERGY) AND YOU GO PREPARE BY TAKING A BATH, WEARING CLOTHES, THEN YOU COMMUTE TO SCHOOL
AND LEARN AT SCHOOL(SUMMATION OF WORK AND OF COURSE THIS IS NEGATIVE!), THIS RESULTS FOR YOU
AT THE END OF THE DAY, BECOME A WORN-OUT STUDENT (FINAL KINETIC ENERGY). USE THIS AS YOUR
REFERENCE IF YOU ARE CONFUSED ON YOUR PROBLEMS FOR THIS TOPIC.
A c a r w e i g h i n g 1 6 0 0 kg t r a v e l s d o w n t h e 1 0 ° i n c l i n e d
r o a d a t a s p e e d o f 6 m / s . T h e d r i v e r a p p l i e s t h e b r a ke s
i m m e d i a t e l y. D e t e r m i n e h o w f a r t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t “ s ” t h e
ti r e s s k i d o n t h e r o a d u n ti l i t s t o p s . T h e c o e ffi c i e n t o f
k i n e ti c f r i c ti o n b e t w e e n t h e w h e e l s a n d t h e r o a d i s u k =
0.5.
U s i n g t h e “ P r i n c i p l e o f Wo r k a n d E n e r g y ”
Solution a p p r o a c h , w e m u s t fi r s t n e e d t o m a ke a f r e e -
body-diagram.

A ft e r t h i s , w e m u s t r e a l i z e w h a t t o p l u g i n t o
o u r e q u a ti o n . We n e e d t o fi n d t h e f o l l o w i n g :
w
- I n i ti a l K i n e ti c E n e r g y
- Wo r k d o n e b y a l l f o r c e s
- F i n a l K i n e ti c E n e r g y

 
Initial kinetic energy requires mass (m) and velocity (v) which
are given in the problem.
T1 = =

T1 = 28800 N∙m
Solution F o r t h e w o r k d o n e , w e n e e d t o k n o w a l l f o r c e s a c ti n g
o n t h e c a r. L o o k i n g a t t h e F B D , w e c a n s e e t h e
f r i c ti o n f o r c e ( FA ) , N o r m a l F o r c e ( N A ) a n d W e i g h t
( W ) a r e a c ti n g o n t h e c a r.
Since the slope is downwards and the car is moving
d ow nw a r d s , w e m u st ta ke a cco u nt t h e Wo r k d o n e by
its own weight, and we must realize that this is a
P o s i ti v e W o r k a s t h e d i r e c ti o n o f t h e c o m p o n e n t o f
w t h e w e i g h t i s s a m e a s t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e c a r.

Work done by its own weight:

U1 = 1600 x 9.81 x sin(10°) x “s”

U1 = 2725.58 x “s”
Solution T h e e ff e c t o f t h e N o r m a l F o r c e ( N A ) d o e s n o t a ff e c t
t h e w o r k s i n c e t h i s f o r c e i s n o t t h e s a m e d i r e c ti o n a s
t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t , B U T, T h e F r i c ti o n a l F o r c e ( F A )
d o e s a ff e c t w o r k s i n c e i t s i n t h e s a m e d i r e c ti o n a n d
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t t o h a v e t h e v a l u e o f F r i c ti o n a l F o r c e
i s t h e c o e ffi c i e n t o f f r i c ti o n ( u k ) ( w h i c h i s g i v e n i n
the problem) and the Normal Force (NA).
w

V a l u e o f N o r m a l F o r c e ( N A ) u s i n g s u m m a ti o n o f f o r c e s
along the axis of the Normal Force:

NA = 1600 x 9.81 x cos(10°)

NA = 15457.54 N
Solution
Finding the Frictional Force (FA):

FA = uk x NA
w
FA = 0.5 x 15457.54

FA = 7728.77 N
Solution

The work done by the Frictional Force (FA) is negative, since


the force is in the opposite direction of the displacement of
the car.
w
Work done by the Frictional Force(FA):

U2 = -7728.77 x “s”
Finally, the Final Kinetic Energy is given from the problem.
Solution Since the car stopped, which means the final velocity is zero,
the final kinetic energy is also equal to zero.

Plugging all of the requirements to the equation of Work


and Energy, we get:

T1+ ∑U=T2
w
28800 + 2725.58s - 7728.77s = 0

s = 5.76m

A d d i ti o n a l I n f o :

T r y u s i n g t h e K i n e m a ti c a p p r o a c h b y fi n d i n g a c c e l e r a ti o n
a n d u s i n g t h e t h r e e k i n e m a ti c e q u a ti o n . C o m p a r e t h e
r e s u l t s u s i n g t h i s a n d Wo r k a n d En e r g y a p p r o a c h .

You might also like