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Presentation On Normal Mode Theory5

This presentation discusses normal mode theory, which describes how oscillating systems vibrate at natural frequencies. Normal modes are patterns of motion where all parts of a system move sinusoidally with the same frequency. The presentation derives equations for normal modes, provides an example calculation, and discusses applications like interpreting multi-degree-of-freedom system responses and simplifying equations of motion. It also notes limitations in directly obtaining bending moments and shear forces from normal mode analysis.

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Prakash Timilsina
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58 views

Presentation On Normal Mode Theory5

This presentation discusses normal mode theory, which describes how oscillating systems vibrate at natural frequencies. Normal modes are patterns of motion where all parts of a system move sinusoidally with the same frequency. The presentation derives equations for normal modes, provides an example calculation, and discusses applications like interpreting multi-degree-of-freedom system responses and simplifying equations of motion. It also notes limitations in directly obtaining bending moments and shear forces from normal mode analysis.

Uploaded by

Prakash Timilsina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POKHARA UNIVERSITY

School Of Engineering
POKHARA-30, KASKI

Presentation on Normal Mode Theory

Presented by :Prakash Timilsina


Roll No. : 08
1 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory
 Introduction

  A normal mode of an oscillating system is a pattern of motion in which all



 
parts of the system move  sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a
fixed phase relation. 
 The free motion described by the normal modes takes place at fixed
frequencies. These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are
known as its natural frequencies or resonant frequencies. 
 Normal modes are generated in the earth from long wavelength seismic
wave from large earthquakes interfering to form standing waves.
 General equation of motion
M+C+KX=MIg ………………………………………….1
Mk+1+Ck+1+KXk+1=Mrgk+1………………………………...2
From the equation of motion for multi-support excitation if the effects of mass
and damping couplings are ignored we obtained following relations:-
Msst+Csst+KssXt=-KsgXg…………………………………….3

2 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory


 Normal mode theory stipulates that the response of an MDOF system is a
weighted summation of its undamped mode shapes. The weighting functions
are functions of time and are known as generalized co-ordinates (are also called
modal co-ordinates). In the modal analysis, the equation of motion, Equation 2,
is decoupled into a set of n uncoupled equations of motion using the normal
mode theory. Each uncoupled equation of motion represents an SDOF system.
Thus, the displacement response of Equation 2 may be written as:

X= ΦZ
Where,
X is the vector of displacement of size n * 1
Φ is the mode shape matrix of size n *m
Z is the vector of generalized co-ordinates
m is the number of modes considered in the analysis.
 Normal modes are orthogonal w.r.t. mass and stiffness.

3 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory


 
 Derivation:-
Substituting for X in Equation 2 and pre-multiplying by ΦT, Equation 2 becomes
ΦTM Φ+ ΦTC Φ+ ΦTK ΦZ=- ΦTMrg……………………..4
Using the orthogonality condition of mode shapes,
ΦTM Φ= ΦTK Φ=
In which and are diagonal matrices. Assuming C to be Rayleigh damping, that is,
mass and stiffness proportional
C=αM+βK
And, Φ TC Φ =
Thus damping is express as combination of mass and stiffness matrix which gives more
convenient relations than conventional damping relationship (damping proportional to
mass and stiffness individually)

4 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory


Form
  the normal mode theory we can conclude following relation:-
λik=(ΦTiMXk)/( ΦTiMΦk)………………………………………..5
in which λik is the ith mode participation factor for the kth support excitation.
 Numerical Example:-
Solution:
Mass matrix

Stiffness Matrix

We have,

Let,

5 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory


  On solving, Let,
For mode 2 B=2 Therefore,=
For mode 1
= Therefore,=
let,
=

6 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory


 Similarly,
Modal Expansion of the Displacement Vector can be determined as:

 Application:-

Fig:- different mode shapes

7 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory


- SDOF & MDOF interpretation.
- Mode shape analysis.
- The determination of displacement and acceleration responses of the structure is
straight forward using normal mode theory.
- Orthogonality properties of normal mode will be used to simplify the equation of
motions of MDOF system.
- Modal analysis procedure reduces the size of problems without compromising much on
the accuracy of the results

 Limitation:-
- The bending moment and shear forces at any section of the structure cannot be directly
obtained.
- BM & SF can be calculated from displacement response of the structure & the stiffness
properties of the member.

8 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory


Reference;
• T. K. Datta Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
• Dynamics-of-Structures-Clough-Penzien

9 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory


 

Thank You

10 A presentation on Normal Mode Theory

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