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Case Study 3

1) The document summarizes debates around whether Jose Rizal retracted his writings and beliefs before his execution. It discusses four versions of the alleged retraction and two eyewitness accounts of Rizal's last hours. 2) One eyewitness account comes from a Jesuit priest who said Rizal engaged in religious activities and signed a retraction, while another from a government agent said Rizal refused to sign a retraction prepared by priests and instead wrote his own document. 3) The document also provides context on Rizal's connection to the Katipunan revolutionary movement through the organization he founded.

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rocel ordoyo
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176 views

Case Study 3

1) The document summarizes debates around whether Jose Rizal retracted his writings and beliefs before his execution. It discusses four versions of the alleged retraction and two eyewitness accounts of Rizal's last hours. 2) One eyewitness account comes from a Jesuit priest who said Rizal engaged in religious activities and signed a retraction, while another from a government agent said Rizal refused to sign a retraction prepared by priests and instead wrote his own document. 3) The document also provides context on Rizal's connection to the Katipunan revolutionary movement through the organization he founded.

Uploaded by

rocel ordoyo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CASE STUDY 3: DID

RIZAL RETRACT?
Sit Dolor Amet
HIGHLIGHTS

Jose Rizal is identified as a hero of the revolution for his writings that center
on ending colonialism and liberating Filipino minds to contribute to creating
the Filipino nation.
The great volume of Rizal’s lifework was committed to this end, particularly
the more influential ones, Noli Me Tangere and El Fillibusterismo.

His essay vilify not the Catholic religion. But the friars, the main agents of
injustice in the Philippine society.
“ I declare myself a catholic and in this Religion in which
I was born and educated I wish to live and die.”
“ I retract with all my heart whatever in my words,
writings, publications and conduct has been contrary to
my character as son of the Catholic Church. I believe
PRIMARY and I confess whatever she teaches and I submit to
whatever she demands. I abominate Masonry, as the

SOURCE: enemy which is of the Church, and as a Society


prohibited by the Church. The Diocesan Prelate may, as

RIZAL’S
the Superior Ecclesiastical Authority, make public this
spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the
scandal which my acts may have caused and so that God
RETRACTION and people may pardon me.”
Manila 29 of December of 1896
Jose Rizal
Source: Translated from the document found by Fr.
Manuel Garcia, C.M. on 18 May 1935.
HIGHLIGHTS:

There are four iteration of the texts of this retraction:


• First, was published in La Voz Espanola and Diario de Manila on the day of the execution, 30
December 1896.
• Second, the text appeared in Barcelona, Spain, in the magazine La Juventud, a few months after
the execution, 14 February 1897, from an anonymous writer who was later on revealed to be Fr.
Vicente Balaguer.

However, the “original” text was only found in the archdiocesan archives on 18
May 1935, after almost four decades of disappearance,
THE BALAGUER TESTIMONY

Doubts on the retraction document abound, especially because only one eyewitness
account of the writing of the document exists ---that of the Jesuit friar Fr. Vicente
Balaguer.

According to his testimony, Rizal woke up several times, confessed four times,
attended a Mass, received communion, and prayed the rosary, all of which seemed out
of character.

But since it is the only testimony of allegedly a “primary” account that Rizal ever
wrote a retraction document, it has been used to argue the authenticity of the
document.
Another eyewitness account surfaced in
2016, through the research of Professor
Rene R. Escalante.

THE In his research, documents of the


TESTIMONY Cuerpo de Vigilancia included a report
OF CUERPO de on the last hours of Rizal, written by
Federico Moreno.
VIGILANCIA
The report details the statement of the
Cuerpo de Vigilancia to Moreno
◦ Most Illustrious Sir, the agent of the Cuerpo de
Vigilancia stationed in Fort Santiago to report on
PRIMARY the events during the day in prison of the accused
Jose Rizal, informs me on this date of the
SOURCE: following:
◦ At 7:50 yesterday morning, Jose Rizal entered
EYEWITNESS death row accompanied by his counsel, Senor
Taviel de Andrade, and the Jesuit priests Vilaclara.
ACCOUNT OF ◦ At the urgings of the former and moments after

THE LAST entering, he was served a light breakfast.


◦ At approximately 9, the Assistant of the Plaza,

HOURS OF Senor Maure, asked Rizal if he wanted anything.


He replied that at the moment he only wanted a

RIZAL prayer book, which was brought to him shortly by


Father March.
Senor Andrade left death row at 10 and Rizal spoke for a long while
with the Jesuit fathers, March and Vilaclara, regarding religious
matters, it seems. It appears that these two presented him with a
prepared retraction on his life and deeds that he refused to sign. They
argued about the matter until 12:30 when Rizal ate some poached egg
and a little chicken. Afterwards he asked to leave to write and wrote
for a long time by himself.

At 3 in the afternoon, Father March entered the chapel and Rizal


handed him what he had written. Immediately the chief of the firing
squad, Senor del Fresno and the Assistant of the Plaza, Senor Maure,
CONTINUATION: were informed. They entered death row and together with Rizal signed
the document that the accused had written.

At 5 this morning of the 30th , the lover of Rizal arrived at the prison
dressed in mourning. Only former entered the chapel, followed by a
military chaplain whose name I cannot ascertain. Donning his formal
clothes and aided by a soldier of the artillery, the nuptials of Rizal and
the woman who had been his lover were performed at the point of
death. After embracing him she left, flooded with tears.
Rizal’s connection to the Katipunan is undeniable ---in fact, the precursor of the Katipunan as
an organization is the La Liga Filipina, an organization Rizal founded, with Andres Bonifacio
as one of its members.

Former members decided to establish the Katipunan after Rizal’s exile on July 7, 1892.

Out of the 28 members of the leadership of the Katipunan (known as the Kataas-taasang
Sanggunian ng Katipunan) from 1892 to 1896, 13 were former members of La Liga Filipina.
Katipuneros even used Rizal’s name as a password.
CONTINUATION: In 1896, the Katipuneros decided to inform Rizal of their plans to launch the revolution and
sent Pio Valenzuela to visit Rizal in Dapitan.

Valenzuela informed Rizal that the revolution could inevitably break out if the Katipunan
were to be discovered by the Spaniards.

Rizal advised Valenzuela that the Katipunan should first secure the support of wealthy
Filipinos to strengthen their cause and suggested that Antonio Luna be recruited to direct the
military movement of the revolution.
ANY
QUESTIONS?

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