Scribd
Upload
88 views

Transformational Rules

The document defines and describes various transformational rules and operations in syntax. It discusses definition of transformation, types of transformations including adverb fronting, indirect object postponement, passive transformation, deep and surface structure, synonymy and ambiguity, auxiliary transformation, WH transformation, recursion, and omission. Transformations involve changing the structure of sentences without changing their meaning through rearranging word order or inserting words.

Uploaded by

Afifah Mazlan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views

Transformational Rules

The document defines and describes various transformational rules and operations in syntax. It discusses definition of transformation, types of transformations including adverb fronting, indirect object postponement, passive transformation, deep and surface structure, synonymy and ambiguity, auxiliary transformation, WH transformation, recursion, and omission. Transformations involve changing the structure of sentences without changing their meaning through rearranging word order or inserting words.

Uploaded by

Afifah Mazlan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

TRANSFORMATIONAL

RULES/OPERATIONS
(SYNTAX)

PRESENTED BY:
• NORHATIKAH ABDULLAH
•N O R A F I F A H M A Z L A N
•N O O R S H I D A H I D A Y A H O T H M A N
•R O S E N A N I Y U S O F
•W A N N U R S H A I D A H W A N R A Z A L I
DEFINITION OF TRANSFORMATION

~ A device for changing one sentence


into another sentence without
changing the meaning.
TYPES OF TRANSFORMATION

ADVERB FRONTING
Example:
1. The spider ate the fly quickly
(NP) (V) (X) (ADV)
2. The spider quickly ate the fly
(NP) (ADV) (V) (X)
If a sentence consists of a noun phrase followed by verb
followed by anything followed by an adverb, then the order
of these elements can be change so that the fourth elements,
the adverbs, is moved to a position immediately before the
verb.
INDIRECT OBJECT POSTPONEMENT

Example:
1. David gave Ellen red roses
(X) (V) (NP) (NP)
2. David gave red roses to Ellen
(X) (V) (NP) (NP)
If two noun phrases occur after a verb, then their order
can be reversed, with (to) inserted between them.
PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION

Example:
1. Rosanna ate the durian
(NP) (V) (NP)
2. The durian was eaten by Rosanna
(NP) (V) (NP)
To change an active sentence into passive sentence,
the NP after the verb gets moved to a position before
the verb. The NP originally before the verb gets moved
to a position after the verb and (by) is inserted before
it.
DEEP AND SURFACE STRUCTURE

DEEP STRUCTURE
The output of phrase structure rules, before any
transformation have applied

SURFACE STRUCTURE
 After all transformation have applied .
 The form that is actually spoken (or written)
SYNONYMY AND AMBIGUITY

Synonymous is the same deep structure but different surface


structure.
Example:
1. Simon yesterday sent her mother a card.
2. Simon sent a card to his mother yesterday.

 Ambiguous is one sentence can have two different deep


structures.
 Example:
1. Mary saw a man with her binoculars.
There are two possible interpretations either Mary used her
binocular to see a man or Mary saw someone who had just
stolen her binoculars.
AUXILIARY TRANSFORMATION

1. Move the first auxiliary verb following the subject


NP to the left of the subject.
Example:
1. The boy is sleeping.
(NP) (AUX) (VP)
2. Is the boy sleeping?
(AUX) (NP) (VP)
Moves the auxiliary to the front of the subject (NP) to form
the question.
WH TRANSFORMATION

wh questions are moved up to a new CP.


Example:
1. Max will eat what
2. What will Max eat?
RECURSION
M EA N I N G: RE P E T I T I O N
 B EC A U S E
NO LIMIT TO THE
LENGTH OF A SENTENCE.
Example:

1) Gloria loves the cat on the mat.


( noun phrase)

2) Gloria loves the cat on the mat


with red roses.

3) Gloria loves the cat on the mat


with red roses on the edges.
OMISSION
 Meaning: leaving out of something
 Some sentence is grammatical and some is not
grammatical.
 Example:
1) Susan put the vase on the table.
( grammatical)

2)Susan put the vase. (not grammatical)


THANK YOU…

You might also like