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Linux/Ubuntu: Lec: Noor Salah

Linux is a free and open-source operating system based on Unix. It runs on many hardware platforms and its source code is publicly available. The document provides instructions on how to create an Oracle VirtualBox virtual machine and install a Linux distribution such as Ubuntu. It discusses the key components of Linux including the kernel, shell, utilities, and hardware. Advantages include being free, flexible, secure, and customizable while disadvantages include not being as user-friendly as other operating systems. Popular Linux distributions mentioned include Red Hat Linux, Debian Linux, Ubuntu Linux, Linux Mint, Fedora Linux, SuSE Linux, CentOS Linux, and Slackware Linux.

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41 views

Linux/Ubuntu: Lec: Noor Salah

Linux is a free and open-source operating system based on Unix. It runs on many hardware platforms and its source code is publicly available. The document provides instructions on how to create an Oracle VirtualBox virtual machine and install a Linux distribution such as Ubuntu. It discusses the key components of Linux including the kernel, shell, utilities, and hardware. Advantages include being free, flexible, secure, and customizable while disadvantages include not being as user-friendly as other operating systems. Popular Linux distributions mentioned include Red Hat Linux, Debian Linux, Ubuntu Linux, Linux Mint, Fedora Linux, SuSE Linux, CentOS Linux, and Slackware Linux.

Uploaded by

Zizo Gamer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux/Ubuntu

lecture 1
Lec: Noor Salah
What is Linux?
Just like Windows, iOS, and Mac OS, Linux is a free open source operating system. Linux operating system based
on Unix, that runs on many different hardware platforms and whose source code is available to the public.

What Is An Operating System?

Operating System(OS) is manages the communication between your software and your hardware.
Difference between Linux and Windows

S.NO Linux Windows

While windows are the not the open source operating


1. Linux is an open source operating system. system.

2. Linux is free of cost. While it is costly.

3. It’s file name case-sensitive. While it’s file name is case-insensitive.

4. Linux is more efficient in comparison of windows. While windows are less efficient.

5. Linux provides more security than windows. While it provides less security than Linux.

6. Linux is widely used in hacking purpose based While windows does not provide much efficiency in
systems. hacking.
Components of Linux:

In the above section, we have studied about the introduction to Linux, so now we are going to learn the
components of Linux. As Linux architecture primarily has these components: Hardware, Kernel, Shell and
Utilities
Hardware: Peripheral devices such as RAM, HDD, CPU together constitute the Hardware layer for the
LINUX operating system.

Kernel: The Core part of the Linux OS is called Kernel; it is responsible for many activities of the LINUX
operating system. It interacts directly with hardware, which provides low-level services like providing
hardware details to the system.

Shell: The shell is an interface between the user and the kernel; it hides the complexity of functions of the
kernel from the user. It accepts commands from the user and performs the action.

Utilities: Operating system functions are granted to the user from the Utilities. Individual and specialized
functions are can be utilized from the System utilities.
Advantages 

1. Linux is free and can be downloaded from the internet.


2. Linux is flexible.
3. Linux is developed so that it can run all the time without rebooting.
4. The security model implemented for Linux is based on the Unix; it is very secure against the internet and
other attacks as well.
5. Linux can be customized as per requirement, and bug fixes are very fast as it is open source.
Disadvantages

1. Linux is licensed under GNU Public License (GPL), which suggests anyone can change and distribute a
changed version, So it is a bit confusing.
2. Linux is not very user-friendly, and it can be a bit confusing for the beginners.
Note: Before we go to use the Linux you need to know what is the Oracle Virtual Box and why
you need to download before start use the Linux.
Oracle Virtual Box
Oracle Virtual Box is a very powerful virtualization tool for enterprise as well as personal use. Basically, Oracle
Virtual Box is an open-source tool and it has some rich features such as it has a high-performance tool for
enterprise customers as well as any kind of professional solution.

Why Do We Need Oracle Virtual Box?


Oracle Virtual Box allows us to set up one or more virtual machines on a single computer and we can use
them at the same time along with the actual computer. Here each virtual machine executes their own
operating system such as Windows, Linux, and MS-DOS, etc. that means we can install Virtual Machines as
per our requirement and we use them.
To create an Oracle virtual machine
you first need to have the Oracle VM VirtualBox software installed. Head to the software’s download page: 
https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads.
Once you have installed VirtualBox and downloaded the disc image of your Linux distribution, you are ready to
create your first Oracle virtual machine. 
• Creating a New Virtual Machine
• Upon opening the software, you will see “Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager.” Click on the “New” icon.
• Give a name to your Virtual Machine.
• Choose the folder where you will keep the machine’s content.
• To select type b default, VirtualBox selects the appropriate one for you (as long as you entered the name
of your OS under the “Name” section).
• to choose version distribution you can select “Other Linux (64-bit)” or “Other Linux (32-bit)”, depending on
your system’s architecture.
Memory Allocation
Once you click “Continue,” you will be asked to attribute a memory size to your machine. The default will vary
according to the OS “Type” and “Version” you chose earlier. 
In the example below, by default choose 1024MB
Storage Allocation
Once you have chosen the memory size, click on “Continue.” VirtualBox will provide you with a recommended
hard disk size (in this example, 10.00 GB).
You will be asked to choose a hard disk file type. Unless you plan on using your Oracle virtual machine on
another virtualization software (such as VMware), keep the default option “VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image).” Click
“Continue”

You will now have to choose between a dynamically allocated hard disk file or a fixed size one.
Choose your file location and size 
By default, VirtualBox will create a name for your new virtual machine file. You can also choose to save the VM
to a different folder. 
Adding your Linux OS to the VM
Once you have chosen a file size for your virtual machine (you can do so either by sliding the arrow or entering
a number manually), click on “Create.”
Your new virtual machine will automatically appear on the left side of the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager. The
only step left is to add your OS disc image to the virtual machine.
To do so, open it by clicking on the “Start” icon.
You will be asked to select a virtual optical disk file (default is set as “Empty”). Click on the folder icon, and add
the downloaded ISO file of the operating system you plan on using. 
Types of Linux Operating Systems:

1. Red Hat Linux


2. Debian Linux
3. Ubuntu Linux
4. Linux Mint
5. Fedora Linux
6. SuSE Linux
7. CentOS Linux
8. Slackware Linux

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