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Reporter Vanessa Lucena Bse English Y1

The document discusses regionalism in Asia after the Cold War. It notes that countries have become more reliant on cooperation through organizations like the UN to resolve conflicts. Nations also commit more to cultural identities and work together economically and for human development. Asia is characterized by diverse regions with influential civilizations and religions. Major countries like China, India, and Japan have seen fast economic growth through exports and manufacturing. Challenges to further Asian integration include establishing standards and regulations, but organizations like ASEAN promote cooperation.

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89 views

Reporter Vanessa Lucena Bse English Y1

The document discusses regionalism in Asia after the Cold War. It notes that countries have become more reliant on cooperation through organizations like the UN to resolve conflicts. Nations also commit more to cultural identities and work together economically and for human development. Asia is characterized by diverse regions with influential civilizations and religions. Major countries like China, India, and Japan have seen fast economic growth through exports and manufacturing. Challenges to further Asian integration include establishing standards and regulations, but organizations like ASEAN promote cooperation.

Uploaded by

Liezl Coronado villa
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You are on page 1/ 32

REPORTER

Vanessa Lucena
BSE ENGLISH Y1
ASIAN REGIONALISM
REGIONALISM
• strengthened collective in a conglomerate identity in a
conglomerate of nations occupying a particular geographic
area or aiming as shared goals; increase in economic
exchanges in particular area.
01 02

Tanaka and Inoguchi (1991)


Amidst globalization, articulated that after the COLD WAR,
another phenomenon is the relations between nations have
becoming more apparent: been dynamic and unique as
regionalism characterized by the following;
CHARACTERIZING POST-COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Countries tend to rely on global platforms such as the United Nations in


A resolving regional conflicts, thus paving the way for the emergence of
peacekeeping initiatives and regional trade alliances.

Nations nowadays become more aggregable, as indicated by less profound


armed conflicts and wars among nations. Conflicts between nations are still
present (e.g., territorial disputes). These territorial disputes have implications
on assertion of political powers in a certain region. In the past, conflicts could
have been resolved outright by bloody wars, but in the contemporary world,
nations are using diplomatic means to mitigate the possibility of wars.
EXAMPLES OF EXISTING TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS

• South China Sea territorial disputes covering islands and reefs (China
vs several nations including the Philippines)
• Senkaku (Diaoyu) islands, East China Sea (China vs Japan)
• Korean Peninsula (North Korea vs South Korea)
• Israel-Palestine conflict
• Lakdah Territory (India vs Pakistan vs China)
• Preah Vihear dispute (Thailand vs Cambodia)
CHARACTERIZING POST-COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
B
Emergence of regional cooperation among countries to achieve
political and economic goals. Countries have become more open to
collaborate with each other countries in terms of economic and human
development.

Examples:
• Economic development- grants loans, development assistance
• Human development- scholarships, cultural exchange, people to people
interactions.
C CHARACTERIZING POST-COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS

Nations commitment to their cultural identities. Huntington


(1996) argues that in the Post Cold-War, there has been a shift
from western countries to group of nations with similar cultural
identities. Nations are becoming more committed to other
nations which cultural identity they share.
CONCEPTS OF REGIONALISM

Hettne (1996) suggested that regionalism


as a concept has varying degrees.
1.Region as geographical unit.
2.Region as social system.
3.Region as organized cooperation.
REGION AS GEOGRAPHICAL UNIT

A region can be interpreted as a place, as a


physical environment. For example, we can
determine Asia as a region based on the land and
water boundaries surrounding it.
REGION AS A SOCIAL SYSTEM

A region can be interpreted as a conglomerate


of people occupying a particular space and
possessing a unique dynamics of interaction.

For example, Asia can be determined as a region


based on the group of people occupying it and
shared ancestry, language, and culture these
people have.
Language/Di Country Eye Ear Seven
alect

Tagalog Philippines Mata Tenga Pito


Bahasa Indonesia Mata Telinga Tujuh
Malay Malaysia Mata Telinga Tujuh
Malagasy Madagascar Maso Sofina Fito
Samoan Samoa Mata Talinga Pitu
Paiwan Taiwan Matsa Tsainga Pityu
REGION AS ORGANIZED COOPERATION

A region can be interpreted as a group of nations


who agree to take part and form a formal
organization. For instance, Southeast Asia, is a
region within Asia, and it has been formalized
through memberships in the Association of the
South East Asian Nations or ASEAN.
REPORTER

Liezl Villa
BSE ENGLISH Y1
ASIA
 Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the
world. Geographically, it is separated from the
European continent by the Urals, from Africa by the
Suez canal, from the north America by the bering
strait. It is comprised of distinct regions such as
Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia,
and the Middle East.
 Asia has been the cradle of several ancient
civilizations such as the Chinese, Indian, and Khmer
civilization.
Asia has also been the home of
influential cultural, philosophical, and
religious movements. Hinduism,
Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism,
Taoism, and other oriental philosophies
and religions generally originated from
an Asian country and have proliferated
around the globe.
REGIONS

Central Asia Important in the Silk Road Trade (Roman Empire


and China)

Cradle of ancient civilizations- China, Japan and


East Asia Mongolia

South Asia High population density; cradle of Indian


civilization

Southeast Asia Located in the Asia-Pacific Ring of Fire;


historically the goal destination of the European
expeditions that search for spice.

Middle East Many are arid desert regions but serve as a


gateways to major bodies of water in the world.
In the contemporary world, Asia has become an
economic force characterized by reduced poverty and
fast pace economic development (ADB, 2008)

Asia was the central global force in the early


modern world economy. It was the site of the most
important trade routes and in some places more
advanced in technology than West such as science
and medicine.
JAPAN

Japan embarked on procuring raw


materials like coal and iron at
unprecedented economies of scale
allowing them to gain a competitive
edge in the global manufacturing
market as well as globalized shipping
and procurement patterns which other
countries modeled.
INDIA

India opened up and


emphasized an export-oriented
strategy. Textiles and other low
wage sectors have been a key part
of the economy with highly
successful software development
exports.
CHINA

China pursues similar pattern


of development at present and
is now the worlds largest
importers of basic raw
materials such as iron and
surpassed Japan, the US and
Europe in steel production.
India and china have also become a major source of
international migrant labor, which is also one of the
fundamental characteristics of the era of globalization. This
includes the migration of highly skilled labor into the high-
tech industry based in silicon valley

India, China and the Philippines were three of the top four
recipient states of the migrant remittances.
In culture and globalization in the
region, Asia has been the source of a
wide variety of cultural phenomena that
have spread outward to the western
countries and the rest of the world.
DYNAMICS OF ASIAN REGIONALISM

ADB(2008) identified some factors that are influential in the integration of Asian
Nations.

• ENHANCED DIALOGUE BETWEEN CITIZENS OF VARIOUS NATIONS


this is facilitated by growing tourism activities in the regions and consistent
multilateral meetings among leaders of nation-state.

• EXPANDING INTRAREGIONAL TRADE AND INVESTMENTS


This brings forth closer financial markets and independent economies.

• INCREASED CONNECTIVITY
THIS is facilitated by regional infrastructure project as well as delivering public
goods.
BENEFITS OF ASIAN INTEGRATION

• It harnesses the strengths of diverse economies.


• It provides flatform for connecting financial markets.
• It makes the economy more resilient to global risks.
• It pools resources.
• It creates regional mechanisms for safety and security.
CHALLENGES

• There is a need to establish compatible product standards


• The need to stablish guidelines that buffer financial contagion and
ensure compatible financial regulations,
• The need to coordinate macroeconomic policies,
• The need to manage cross-border environmental and social policies
(e.g., fair treatment of migrant workers).
EXISTING COOPERATION IN ASIA

• Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation


• East Asia Summit
• Asia Pacific Community
• East Asian Community
• Association Of Southeast Asian Nations
• ASEAN plus three (China, Japan And South Korea)

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