DJJ3213

MATERIAL SCIENCE

TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION
TO MATERIAL SCIENCE
PREPARED BY :

NORSHEILA BINTI BUYAMIN

PENSYARAH POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR
 WHAT IS THE MATERIALS
SCIENCE ?
BASIC KNOWLEDGE…

PROPERTIES PROCESSING
STRUCTURE •material characteristic different ways for shaping
a description of the •response to external stimulus materials into useful
arrangements of atoms or •mechanical, electrical, components or changing
ions in a material thermal, magnetic, optical, their properties
deteriorative
 CERAMICS

METALS POLYMERS

CLASSIFICATION OF
MATERIALS

ADVANCED
COMPOSITES MATERIALS

BIOMATERIALS
SEMICONDUCTORS
NANOENGINEERED
SMART MATERIALS
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

Metals
• Inorganics substances – composed
Application
one / more metallic and nonmetallic • aerospace
elements. • biomedical
• Examples: iron, copper, aluminium, • Semiconductor / electronic
nickel and titanium • Energy
• Divided two classes: ferrous and • Civil structural
nonferrous metals • Transport

Properties
• Good Thermal and electrical
conductors
• Good strength
• Susceptible to corrosion
• Strong and ductile at room
temperature
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

Ceramics
• Inorganic materials – consist
Application
metallic and nonmetallic elements • Advanced engine application:
chemically bond together engine valves, valve seat inserts
• Structural are crystalline,
and piston pins
noncrystalline or mixture of both. • Ball bearing and races
• Ceramics tiles
• Cutting tool material
• Cooking utensils

Properties
• High hardness and high
temperature strength but tend to be
brittle.
• Light weight
• Good heat and wear resistance
• Reduce friction
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

Polymers
• Consist of long molecular chains or
Application
networks that are usually based on • Electrical insulate
organics. • Digital video disks (DVDs)
• Structural are noncrystalline but • Automotive bumpers
some consist of mixtures of • Power tool housing
crystalline and noncrystalline region • Packaging
• Coating materials: tennis courts
and playground

Properties
• Great of strength and ductility
• Poor conductor electricity
• Good insulator
• Low densities and low
softening
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

Composites
• Defined as two or more materials
Application
(phases or constinuents) integrated • Replaced numerous metallic
to form a new one. components: aerospace, avionics,
• Consist of a selected filler or
automobile, civil structural and
reinforcing material and a sports equipment industries.
compatible resin binder to obtain • Fiberglass-reinforcing material:
the specific characteristics and wings of airplane, surfboards
properties.

Properties
• High strength and stiffness-to-
weight ratio
• Low density and light weight
• Brittleness and low fracture
toughness
Advanced Materials
• Could potentially A)Biomaterials B)Semiconductors
revolutionize the future of • implanted in human • Pure silicon that is
the field where all the
classes are critically affect body modified in various ways
• compatible with to change its electrical
all major industries.
• Divide to 4 classes: body tissues characteristic
a) biomaterials • Orthopaedic, dental • Application:
b) semiconductors implant communication satellites,
c) nanoengineered advanced computers,
material handheld calculators,
d) smart material digital watches and
robots.
 Advanced Materials
C) Nanoengineered Materials D) Smart Materials

• Have a characteristics length scale • Have ability to:

smaller than 100nm (that is, particle a) sense external environmental stimuli
diameter, grain size, layer thickness) such as temperature, stress, light,
• Nanomaterial can be metallic, humidity and electric and magnetic
polymeric, ceramic, electronic or fields.
composite. b) Respond by changing their properties
• Reason for recent extension for due to (mechanical, electrical or appearance),
development: structure or functions.
a) new tools that make observation and • Consist: sensor (detect a change in the
characterization environment, temperature) and actuator
b) New method of processing and (specific function / response)
synthesizing nanostructured
materials that enable researchers to
produce these materials more easily
and at a higher yield rate.
• Examples: ceramic powder aggregates,
bulk metals, polymeric films and
electronic wires. Sensor Actuator