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ICE Lecture #8 Geotechnical Engineering

This document provides an introduction to geotechnical engineering and civil engineering topics related to soil and foundations. It defines geotechnical engineering and soil mechanics, and describes typical geotechnical projects involving soil testing and analysis for foundation design. It discusses different foundation systems such as shallow foundations, deep foundations, retaining walls, and retaining structure systems. It also covers related topics like earthworks, soil testing, geohazards, ground improvement techniques, and considerations for geotechnical earthquake engineering. The document aims to give an overview of the important aspects of geotechnical engineering.

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shahid ali
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141 views

ICE Lecture #8 Geotechnical Engineering

This document provides an introduction to geotechnical engineering and civil engineering topics related to soil and foundations. It defines geotechnical engineering and soil mechanics, and describes typical geotechnical projects involving soil testing and analysis for foundation design. It discusses different foundation systems such as shallow foundations, deep foundations, retaining walls, and retaining structure systems. It also covers related topics like earthworks, soil testing, geohazards, ground improvement techniques, and considerations for geotechnical earthquake engineering. The document aims to give an overview of the important aspects of geotechnical engineering.

Uploaded by

shahid ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 47

CE-115L

Introduction to Civil Engineering


Lecturer Engr. Fasih Ahmed Khan
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Geotechnical Engineering
3
Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering

 All Civil Engineering begins with


Geotechnical Engineering

ground
Definitions

 Soil mechanics is a discipline that applies the


principles of engineering mechanics to soils to
predict the mechanical behavior of soil.

 Geotechnical Engineering is the branch of civil


engineering that deals with soil, rock, and
underground water, and their relation to the design
construction and operation of engineering projects
(Coduto 1998)
Typical Geotechnical Project

Geo-Laboratory Design Office


~ for testing soil properties
~ for design & analysis

ils
e ta
d
soi ign
l sa de
s
mp
les

5
construction site
Shallow Foundations

~ for transferring building loads to


underlying ground
~ mostly for firm soils or
light loads

firm
ground

7
bed rock
Shallow Foundations
Foundation Systems

 Designing of Shallow Foundations Systems –


Bearing Capacity Failure
Transcona Grain Elevator

(from Budhu 2000)


Foundation Systems

 Designing of Shallow Foundation Systems – Differential


Settlement

Leaning Tower of Pisa


Deep Foundations

~ for transferring building


loads to underlying
ground
~ mostly for weak
P
soils or heavy loads I
L
E
weak soil

11
bed rock
Foundation Systems

Deep Foundation Systems: Driven Piles


Deep Foundations
13

Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway


Foundation Systems

Deep Foundation Systems: Drilled Shafts


Retaining Walls

~ Prevent soils from from spreading laterally

retaining
wall

Road
Train

15
Earth Pressure
and Retaining Walls
 Reinforced Earth Walls

(The Reinforced Wall Company 2003)


Retaining Structure Systems
 Gabion wall

(Gaviones LEMAC (2003)


Retaining Structure Systems
 Tie-backs

(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)


Retaining Structure Systems
Soil Nailing: steel rods placed into holes drilled into the
walls and grouted

19
Retaining Structure Systems
 Excavation Support Systems
Sheet Piles
21

~ sheets of interlocking steel or timber driven into


the ground, forming a continuous sheet

warehouse

ship

sheet pile
Sheet Piles
22

~ resist lateral earth pressures


~ used in temporary works
~ used in excavations, waterfront structures
Sheet Pile Walls

(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)


Cofferdam

~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to


prevent water seeping in

24
Tunneling

25
Earth Dams
~ for impounding water

reservoir
clay
core shell

soil

26
Landslides

27
Earthworks

~ preparing the ground prior to construction

Roadwork, Pacific
Highway

28
29
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil
Soil Testing

Vane Shear Test Standard Penetration Test


Soil Testing

Cone Penetration Testing


Soil Testing

Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory


32
GeoHazards
Geotechnical Engineering Problems

 How will the groundwater


conditions impact the
engineering project?
Teton Dam Failure (1975)
Geotechnical Engineering Problems

 What will be the


impact of excavations,
grading, or filling?

Collapse of Nicoll
Highway,Singapore,
2004
Geotechnical Engineering Problems

 Are natural or proposed earth slope stable?

(from Norwegian Geotechnical


Institute, 2001)
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

 Effects of earthquakes
1964 Niigata Earthquake 1967 Caracas Earthquake

(from Kramer – (from Alshibli 2001)


www.ce.washington.edu 1996)
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

 Effects of earthquakes
1995 Kobe Earthquake 1999 Chi Chi Earthquake

(Boulanger and Duncan 2006)


GeoSolutions
Ground Improvement

Impact Roller to Compact the Ground


40
Ground Improvement

Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils


41
Ground Improvement

Big weights dropped


from 25 m, compacting
the ground.

Craters formed in 42compaction


Soil Improvement
 Stone Columns

(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)


Soil Improvement
 Jet Grouting

(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)


Soil Improvement
 Compaction Grouting

(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)


Soil Improvement
 Chemical Injection

(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)


47 Questions and Discussion

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