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Electric Charge: Applied Physics

The document discusses electric charge and related concepts. It defines electric charge as an intrinsic property of matter that causes objects to experience electromagnetic forces. It also explains that charge can be positive or negative, and like charges repel while opposite charges attract according to Coulomb's Law. Finally, it distinguishes between conductors, which allow charge to flow freely, and insulators, which do not.

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Hamm Hamm
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95 views12 pages

Electric Charge: Applied Physics

The document discusses electric charge and related concepts. It defines electric charge as an intrinsic property of matter that causes objects to experience electromagnetic forces. It also explains that charge can be positive or negative, and like charges repel while opposite charges attract according to Coulomb's Law. Finally, it distinguishes between conductors, which allow charge to flow freely, and insulators, which do not.

Uploaded by

Hamm Hamm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Charge

Applied Physics

Instructor: Usama Munir

1
Contents
• Electric Charge
• Conductors & Insulators
• Coulomb’s Law
• Quantized Charge
• Conserved Charge

2
What is an Atom?
• Smallest unit of ordinary matter in an element
• Has electrons (-), protons (+) and neutrons
• Electrically neutral (equal number of – and + charges)
• Protons keep all the electrons around nucleus through an
electromagnetic force between them
• Free electrons reside in the outer shell and are easily plucked off
• Insulators hold the free electrons tightly limiting their flow

3
What is charge (Q)?

Intrinsic property of matter that causes it to experience a force when


placed in an electromagnetic field.

Note: Every object have charged particles but are in equilibrium state.

Note: Charge is not an object, it is a property like


mass, color of an object

4
What is charge (Q)?
• SI unit is Coulomb represented by C
• Charge is a scalar quantity
• Can be + eve and – eve
• Independent of speed

5
What is Charge (Q)?
•  Like charges repel each other
• Oppostie charges attract each other
• Electrostatic force (Coulomb’s Law)
• 1 electron = -C

Note: No-one actually knows what charge is itself. It is


only defined by its behavior

6
Conductors and Insulators
• Conductors
Materials through which charge can move freely Question?
Which material among these
would be used widely?

• Insulators
Materials through which charge cannot move freely

• Semiconductors
Intermediate between Conductors and Insulators

7
Conductors and Insulators
What happens when:
• you rub a copper rod with wool?
• you rub a copper rod with wool while holding a water tap?
• a human body receives electric shock?

Note: Purpose of grounding electrical system of your house?

8
Conductors and Insulators
Charge by induction
Method used to charge an object without actually touching the object to any
other object.

How an object is negatively charged and positively charge

9
Coulomb’s Law
•Electrostatic
  force between two particles is:
• inversely proportion to the square of distance
• directly proportion to the product of both charges

What is Newton’s Law of gravitational Force

10
Coulomb’s Law
• 
Where is Permittivity Constant

Net force on any particle due to multiple charged particles

11
Spherical Conductors

Why every Electrical cable is made up of small conductor threads instead of one single thick rod?

12

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