Scribd
Upload
225 views

Acceptance Sampling

Acceptance sampling uses statistical sampling techniques to determine whether to accept or reject a production lot. It involves taking a sample from the lot and inspecting it against predetermined acceptance criteria. The key parameters of a single sampling plan are the sample size (n), acceptance number (c), acceptable quality level (AQL), producer's risk (α), lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD), and consumer's risk (β). Operating characteristic curves graph the probability of acceptance against the percent defective in a lot and help visualize the tradeoff between producer and consumer risks.

Uploaded by

Richa Akhil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
225 views

Acceptance Sampling

Acceptance sampling uses statistical sampling techniques to determine whether to accept or reject a production lot. It involves taking a sample from the lot and inspecting it against predetermined acceptance criteria. The key parameters of a single sampling plan are the sample size (n), acceptance number (c), acceptable quality level (AQL), producer's risk (α), lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD), and consumer's risk (β). Operating characteristic curves graph the probability of acceptance against the percent defective in a lot and help visualize the tradeoff between producer and consumer risks.

Uploaded by

Richa Akhil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Acceptance Sampling

Group 10
GARIMA TAMUDIA
MAULI SONI
POOJA BERIA
RICHA AKHIL
RAJASURYA S
S MADHULA
SANGEETA CHANDRA
What is Acceptance Sampling?

When to use Acceptance Sampling?
How acceptance sampling works?
Acceptance Sampling Explained.
Operating Characteristics Curves.



Acceptance sampling uses statistical sampling
technique to determine whether to accept or reject a
production lot of material.
It has been a common quality control technique used
in industry and particularly the military for
contracts and procurement.
Acceptance Sampling is executed through a sampling
plan.
Here we have used a Single sampling plan in which
the quality is determined by the evaluation of one
sample.
Purpose of a sampling plan is to test the lot of its
quality and to ensure the quality that has been
predetermined.
When to use Acceptance Sampling?

We can either do 100% inspection or inspect a few


samples taken from the lot .
Problems with 100% inspection
  Very expensive
  Cant use when product must be destroyed to test.
  Handling by inspectors can induce defects
  Inspection must be very tedious so defective items
do not slip through inspection.
 Disadvantages of using acceptance sampling

Risks of accepting “bad lots” and rejecting “good lots”.


Added planning and documentation
Sample provides less information than 100%
inspection.
The Single Sampling Plan

It is defined by the parameters:


 N= Lot size
 n= number of units in the sample.
 c= acceptance number (max no. of defective items
found in the sample before lot is rejected).
The values of n and c can be determined by 4 factors:

(AQL, α , β , LTPD)

Acceptable Quality Level (AQL)
 Max. acceptable percentage of defectives defined by
producer
The α (Producer’s risk)
 The probability of rejecting a good lot

Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD)


 Percentage of defectives that defines consumer’s
rejection point
The  (Consumer’s risk)
 The probability of accepting a bad lot.

Type 1 & Type 2 Error
In Statistics, Hypothesis Testing
involves two types of errors:-

1.Type 1 () error: Rejecting Null


Hypothesis when it is true and should
have been accepted.

2. Type 2 (β) error: Accepting the


Null Hypothesis, when it should have
been rejected.
Operational Terms
Type 1 error or Producers ’ Risk :
Rejecting a batch of materials that are
of good quality
Result: Incur double Inventory cost
which could have been saved.

Type 2 error or Consumers ’ Risk :
Accepting a batch of materials are of
poor quality assuming the materials are
good.
Result: Lost of future sales due to
loss of customers who wont go for the
product due to their bad experience.
Risks with Errors

Product is Product is
Good defective

Consumer
Accepts Consumers’
OK
the Risk
product
Outcome
Consumer Producers’
Rejects Risk OK
Product
An example of Acceptance Sampling.

Zypercom, a manufacturer of video interfaces, purchases


printed wiring boards from an outside vender, Procard.
Procardhas set an acceptable quality level of 1% and
accepts a 5% risk of rejecting lots at or below this level.
Zypercom considers lots with 3% defectives to be
unacceptable and will assume a 10% risk of accepting a
defective lot.

Develop a sampling plan for Zypercom and determine a
rule to be followed by the receiving inspection personnel.

Given AQL=0.01
LTDP= 0.03 , α = 0.05 , β = 0.10
We need to determine c and n
Divide LTPD / AQL = .03/.01=3
We get c=6 and n = 3.286/AQL = 329

AAsampling
samplingplan
plantable forαα ==.05
tablefor .05 ,β,β ==.10
.10

c LTPD/AQL n AQL c LTPD/AQL n AQL


0 44.890 0.052 5 3.549 2.613
1 10.946 0.355 6 3.206 3.286
2 6.509 0.818 7 2.957 3.981
3 4.890 1.366 8 2.768 4.695
4 4.057 1.970 9 2.618 5.426
Operating Characteristic Curves
 It is a graph of the percentage defective in a lot vs. the probability of the
acceptance of the sampling lot.
 Helps to keep high cost of inspection down.


1
0.9 α = .05 (producer’s risk)
0.8
Probability of acceptance

0.7 n = 99
0.6 c=4
0.5
0.4
0.3  =.10
0.2 (consumer’s risk)
0.1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
AQL LTPD
Percent defective
The OC curve calculation can be generally done by
Poisson formula.

P( r ) = (( np)) ^r (e)^-np) / r! = Prob(exactly r
defectives in n)
Where r<= c
Hence it will accept every lot with P <= AQL and
reject every lot with P>AQL.
C and n most important factors in determining the OC
curve.
The larger the sample size, the steeper the OC curve.
The shape of curve changes with value of c.

References

Operations and supply management. (12th edition)


Internet resources :
 luisdi.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/quality-as.pdf
acceptance sampling
 www.freequality.org/documents/training/OCCurves

You might also like