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Attitudes & Values

The document defines attitudes and values. It states that an attitude is a predisposition to react positively or negatively to a situation, person, or concept. Attitudes have three components: informational, emotional, and behavioral. Values represent beliefs about what is preferable or important and guide behavior across situations. Values are more stable than attitudes and central to a person's identity. The document discusses the sources and functions of attitudes, as well as the difference between values and attitudes. It also outlines various types of values, including terminal and instrumental values, and determinants that shape a person's values.

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Neha Arora
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76 views

Attitudes & Values

The document defines attitudes and values. It states that an attitude is a predisposition to react positively or negatively to a situation, person, or concept. Attitudes have three components: informational, emotional, and behavioral. Values represent beliefs about what is preferable or important and guide behavior across situations. Values are more stable than attitudes and central to a person's identity. The document discusses the sources and functions of attitudes, as well as the difference between values and attitudes. It also outlines various types of values, including terminal and instrumental values, and determinants that shape a person's values.

Uploaded by

Neha Arora
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ATTITUDES & VALUES

NEHA ARORA
06311604409
DEFINITION OF ATTITUDE
“An attitude is a predisposition to react to a situation, person,
or concept with a particular response. This response can be
either positive or negative. It is a learned reaction–one that
results from an individual’s past observations, direct
experiences, or exposure to others’ attitudes.”

- Samuel C. Certo
COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES
• Informational or Cognitive Component: It consists of
beliefs, values, ideas and other information a person has about
the object.
• Emotional or Affective Component: It involves the person’s
feeling or affect-positive, neutral or negative-about an object.
• Behavioral Component: It consists of the tendency of a
person to behave in a particular manner towards an object.
SOURCES OF ATTITUDES
DIRECT
PERSONAL
EXPERIENCE ASSOCIATION
MASS MEDIA

ATTITUDES

INSTITUTIONS
ECONOMIC
STATUS AND FAMILY AND
OCCUPATIONS PEER GROUPS
ATTITUDES AND ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
• Job Satisfaction: One’s feeling towards one’s job
• Job Involvement: One’s attachment to a job
• Organizational Commitment: Employee’s identification
with a particular organization and its goals.
FUNCTIONS OF ATTITUDES
• Knowledge: Attitudes provide a knowledge base and
framework within which new information can be placed.
• Expressive: Attitudes are a means of expression of values.
They enable individuals to indicate to others the values that
they hold and thus to express their self – concept and adopt
the values of a group.
• Instrumental: Held attitudes maximize rewards and minimize
sanctions.
• Ego-Defensive: People often form and maintain certain
attitudes to protect their own self images.
DEFINITION OF VALUES
“Values represent basic convictions that a specific mode of
conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially
preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-
state of existence.”

- Milton Rokeach
CORE MEANING OF VALUES
Values are so embedded that they can be inferred from
people's behavior and their perception, personality and
motivation. They generally influence behavior. They are
relatively stable and enduring. This is because of the way in
which they are originally learned.
FEATURES OF VALUES
• They provide standards of morality.
• Values are relatively permanent and resistant to change.
• Values are most central to the core of a person.
• Values have two attributes – content and intensity. The
content attribute stresses that a particular code of content is
important. The intensity attribute specifies how important that
particular code of conduct is.
• Values are fewer in number than attributes.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VALUES &
ATTITUDES
Values Attitudes
1. Values represent judgement of 1. Attitudes represent predispositions
what ought to be. This judgement is to respond.
basic to respond in a given way.
2. A value represents single belief that 2. An attitude represents several
guides actions and judgement across beliefs focused on a specific object or
objects and situations. situation.
3. Values are derived from social and 3. Attitudes are derived from personal
cultural mores. experiences.
TERMINAL VALUES
A terminal value is an ultimate goal or end of a person.

• Comfortable life
• Sense of accomplishment
• Family security
• Self respect
• Wisdom
• Freedom
• Social recognition
• Equality
INSTRUMENTAL VALUES
An instrumental value relates to means for achieving the
desired outcome or end.

• Ambitious
• Broad minded
• Capable
• Clean
• Courageous
• Helpful
• Honest
TYPES OF VALUES
G.W. Allport, P.E. Vernon and G. Lindzey have categorized
values into six major types as follows:

• Theoretical: Interest in the discovery of truth through


reasoning and systematic thinking. The ideal theoretical man
values the discovery of truth.
• Economic: Interest in usefulness and practicality. The ideal
economic man values what is useful and is concerned with
practical affairs.
Contd…
• Aesthetic: Interest in beauty, form and artistic harmony. The
ideal aesthetic man values artistic and aesthetic experiences in
life.
• Social: Interest in people and human relationships. The ideal
social man places great values on affiliation and love.
• Political: Interest in gaining power and influencing other
people. The ideal political man places great value on power.
• Religious: Interest in unity and understanding the cosmos as a
whole. The highest value for the ideal religious man may be
called unity.
DETERMINANTS OF VALUES
• Family Factors: Family is the most influential factor in the
individual’s learning of social behavior, values and norms.
Some values are inculcated in the individual from the
childhood and remain in his mind throughout his life.
• Social Factors: Of all the social factors, school plays the most
important role in developing the value system of an
individual. The child learns the basic discipline from the
school.
Contd…
• Cultural Factors: This include everything that is learned and
passed on from generation to generation. Culture includes
certain beliefs and other patterns of behavior. Whether a
person is co-operative, friendly or hostile depends upon the
culture he belongs to.
• Personal Factors: Personal attributes such as intelligence,
ability, constitution, appearance and educational level of the
person determines his development of values.
** THANK YOU **

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