SOLAR SYSTEM

Explanation By:-Sohan R
 INTRODUCTION
So first let us learn what is Solar System.
The sun and everything that revolves around
it form the solar system.
All planets, their moons, comets, asteroids,
and other space objects orbit the sun.
They are held by the gravitational pull of the
sun.
Do you know a fact that our solar system
was formed at the edge of the milky way galaxy
about 5000 years ago!
OBJECTS IN SOLAR SYSTEM
So now lets let us learn about the objects of the solar
system
Galileo was the first person to observe the night sky
through telescope during the 1600’s.
OBJECTS IN SOLAR SYSTEM
The objects of the solar system except satellites and
sun are:-
• Planets
• Dwarf Planets
• Small Solar System Bodies
 PLANETS
There are 8 planets in the solar system
According to their distance from the sun they are:-
•Mercury[ No Natural Satellites ]
•Venus [ No Natural Satellites ]
•Earth[ 1:-Moon ]
•Mars[ 2:- Phobos and Deimos ]
•Jupiter[ 64:- Ex:- Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto ]
•Saturn[ 25:- Ex:- Titan ]
•Uranus[ 5 Satellites ]
•Neptune [ 2 Satellites ]
 DWARF PLANETS
Dwarf planets are small planets and are not considered
as planets because
•They have abnormal orbits
•They are smaller in size as compared to normal planets
Examples of Dwarf Planets are:-
•Eris
•Pluto
•Haumea
•MakeMake
•Ceres
More Dwarf Planets may be included under this category
in future
SMALL SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES
Small solar system bodies are:-
•Asteroids
•Comets
•And other small celestial bodies
SUN
Sun is a medium
sized star which is
a huge ball of
gases, mainly
composed of
hydrogen

There is a
massive nuclear
reaction taking
place in sun,
converting
hydrogen gas into
helium gas.
 SUN
By this nuclear reaction enormous amount of light,
heat, and other forms of energy.
Sun is the nearest star to Earth.
The diameter of sun is about 1.4 million kilometers
that it could hold more than a million planets of the
size of the Earth.
There are much bigger stars than the sun in the
universe .
One of the biggest stars that we know of it is
BETELGEUSE.
Betelgeuse is a star in the constellation Orion n 425
light years away and it is 60,000 times brighter than
the sun
 BETELGUESE

SUN
 PLANETS
From Earth if we see, we can see other planets as
specks of light like stars.
While the stars show no visible change in their
position in the sky, the planets seem to move or
‘wander’ with respect to the stars.
Hence, they were named planets, which means
‘wanderers’ in Greek.
Unlike stars planets do not emit light of their own,
they just reflect the light o the sun.
They are closer to us than stars.
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn are bright and
can be seen with naked eyes.
And others can only be seen with a telescope.
 PLANETS
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars are inner planets as
they are closer to sun as compared to Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune which are called outer planets.
Differences between inner and outer planets
INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANETS
They are closer to the sun. They are farther away from
sun.
They are smaller in size. They are very large in size.

They are dense, made up of They are light, made up of

rock. gases.
SOLAR SYSTEM VIDEO
 MERCURY
This planet is not always visible
to us
It can be seen as a bright spot of
light during sunrise and sunset at
a particular time of the year.
This is the reason why, even
though it is not a star, Mercury is
known as the morning star or the
evening star.
It can be seen just before sunrise in Sept. and Oct.
and just after sunset in March and April.
It has no satellites.
It is the smallest and hottest planet in our solar
system.
 VENUS
It is brightest for us after moon
in night sky.
It also can be seen just before
sunrise or sunset.
It also does not has any
satellites.
It rotates from east to west
which is opposite to the Earth’s
direction of rotation which is east
to west.
It’s size is closely same to that of Earth’s.
Therefore, they are called twin planets.
 EARTH
This is the planet that we live
on.
It has one natural satellite:-
Moon
It takes 365.256 days to
complete one orbit around the
sun, which is 1 Earth year .
It takes 24 hrs to complete one
rotation.

A thin layers of gases called the atmosphere envelops

the earth.
99% is made of nitrogen and oxygen and the remaining
1% contains other gases.
 EARTH
The Earth rotates about an axis, an imaginary line
that passes through the north and south poles.
The axis of rotation of earth is tilted to the plane of
its orbit.
This is the primarily responsible for the changes in
season of Earth.
Our Earth is the only place where
life exists.
The composition of soil, it’s size,
distance from the sun, presence of
water, makes it different and
special from any other planet of
our solar system.
EARTH’S ROTATION AND REVOLUTION
 MARS
It is visible to the naked eye.
It looks like a bright orange-red
star.
It has 2 satellites:-Phobos &
Deimos.
Both are dark, dusty and
irregular in shape.
It’s soil contains high amounts of
iron oxide which gives it a red
colour.
Thus it is called as red planet. Space probes suggest
that water once flowed there in distant past
It’s radius is little more than half that of Earth and it’s
mass is 10 times lesser than that of Earth.
 JUPITER
It is the largest planet in
Solar System.
It is the brightest object
in night sky after moon
and Venus.
It can be seen with
naked eye and it looks
like a bright star.

With a good telescope , we can see it’s tinted cloud

bands and the Famous Great Red Spot, which is a
great hurricane on Jupiter, twice the diameter of Earth.
It has many moons, four of which are:- Io, Europa,
Ganymede, And Callisto.
 SATURN
It is 2nd Largest Planet.
It’s mass is about 1/3 of
Jupiter.
It is called Ringed planet
because it is surrounded by
distinctive rings of dust and
rocks.
Saturn has 25 satellites.
Titan is the biggest among them which is bigger than
Mercury.
Some astronomers think that titan may be able to
support life.
It is called ‘Shani’ according to Mythology.
 URANUS
It was discovered by William Hershel
in 1781
It also has rings
It is about 2900000000 km away from
sun.
It has 5 satellites.
It’s atmosphere mainly contains:-
Hydrogen, Helium, and Methane.
Uranus spins on it’s side.
WHY URANUS SPINS ON ITS SIDE?
 NEPTUNE
It was discovered by
Gottfried Galle in 1846.
It cannot be seen with
the naked eye.
It looks like a star with
a pair of binoculars.
It looks like a small
bluish circle through a
powerful telescope.
It has 2 known Satellites.
It is the fourth largest planet.
It is a near twin of Uranus.
 PLUTO [A Dwarf Planet]
Pluto is so far away that it is
very difficult to see from Earth.
It was discovered by Clyde
Tombaugh in 1930.
It has an oval shaped orbit,
which takes 249 earth years to go
once around the sun.
For about 20 years, it is closer
to sun that the planet Neptune.
In 2005, Eris, which is 27% more massive than Pluto,
was discovered. This led the 
International Astronomical Union (IAU) to 
define the term "planet"formally.[12] That definition
excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet.[13]