How To Be A Successful Trainer
How To Be A Successful Trainer
for
Classroom
Instruction
Presenter: Tran Ngoc Tuan
FAI/FU HCM
1
How to be a Successful
Trainer
2
Introduction
4
14 Instructor Competencies..
6
Introduction
Identify course objectives
Discover learner’s experience, background and
motives for attending the course
Adjust course based on information
Course objectives
Schedule
Instructional methods
7
Reviewing Course Materials
Course Objectives
Everything you do throughout a course should be
related to achieving the course objectives
You must follow the instructional design of a
prepackaged course in order to maintain its
integrity and to meet the instructional objectives
8
Types of learners
Shy
student
The Course
Engineer Salesperson
9
Analyzing the Learners
Gathering the Information
Plan for the worst when there is no information
Types of information
Job responsibilities
Background
Skill level
Reason(s) for attending the course
10
Evaluation of Information
Job responsibilities
Student will “stick with it” and strive to master the
material if they can see the direct application of the
information to their work.
Background
Learn as much as possible about the background of
the students factors to plan a lesson
Skill level
Knowing the skill level of each student helps you
make appropriate modifications to the lesson,
including examples and exercises.
11
Evaluation of Information..
Reason(s) for attending the course
To acquire new skills for his/her job
To enhance skills for future opportunities
For the joy of learning
To fulfill a requirement for certification
To learn about new features of a software
application
To meet the demands of the employer
12
Adjusting the course
Course Objectives
Should not change without prior consent from the
vendor, certification group, or employer.
Course Schedule
Do not remove required material from the schedule
to make more time for other topics.
Instructional Methods
Using instructional methods appropriately (Ch. 10)
Examples
Related to students
13
Summary
One of the greatest challenges of the
instructor is to address the needs of the
individuals in his/her classes.
Preparation is a trainer’s greatest asset.
The first step to being prepared is to know the
course materials and the audience.
14
Chapter 2
Assuring Preparation of
Instructional Site
15
Introduction
Instructional Site
Logistics arrangements
Schedule
Food
Support
Physical Environment
Room layout
Lighting
Equipment
Furniture
16
Evaluating the Logistical Arrangements
Logistical issues
Session times
Food
Transportation/parking
Support
Communications
17
Evaluating the Physical Environment
Room Layout
Rows
U-shape
Circle
Clusters
Light
Instructional Materials and Supplies
18
Evaluating the Physical Environment..
Equipment
Chalkboards
White boards
Easels
Overhead projectors
Computers
LCD projectors
Visualizers
19
Evaluating the Physical Environment..
Computers
Furniture
Environment Issues
20
Managing the Physical Environment
Appropriate contacts for the following:
Reservations
Access to facilities
Technical support
Delivery of materials
Food preparations and delivery
21
Managing the Physical Environment..
Decide the optimum room layout based on the
instructional methods, rearrange the room accordingly.
Order any necessary equipment.
Ship instructional materials (if necessary)
Send information to students including times, direction,
parking,…
Research emergency options, such as copy centers.
22
Eliminating Distractions
The five senses
Sight
Sound
Smell
Taste
Touch
23
Eliminating Distractions..
Technology Distractions
The Instructor’s Computer: Screen saver, audio,
calendar reminder, screen resolution, colors,
assistants, network connections (access and speed)
Students’ computers: games, e-mail, internet
24
Ongoing Evaluation
Setting the stage
Classroom policies (food, drinks, email)
Restrooms and water fountains
Message boards
Telephones/mobile phone usage
Break room
Smoking regulations
Fire exits
Snacks
Meals
Contents of student kits, manuals, etc.
Outline of the course
25
Ongoing Evaluation..
During the Course
Students’ reactions (verbal and nonverbal)
Final Evaluation
Evaluation form
26
Summary
Confirming all necessary logistic and physical
arrangements of the instructional site.
Exercise as much control over the physical
environment as possible.
Plan ways to minimize distractions and judge
how well logistical and physical arrangements
support the instruction.
Understand the rationale for decisions
regarding logistics and physical environment.
27
Chapter 3
28
Introduction
Establish credibility
Knowledge
Experience
Appearance
Preparation
Maintain credibility
Professionalism
Interaction with students
29
Establishing Credibility
Subject-Matter Expertise
Know your subject matter and how to apply it to
situations that interest your audience.
Training Experience
It’s not true that if you know a subject inside out,
you can teach the subject.
Communication and Presentation skills are needed
to master in order to become an effective trainer.
30
Establishing Credibility..
Credentials
Degree
Certification
CTT Certification
Course Preparation (Chapter 1)
Appearance
Clean and neat There is no right to dress that
Personal hygiene will accommodate all
audiences.
Dress The general rule is that your
appearance should always be
clean and neat.
31
Establishing Credibility..
The Course Introduction
Part of the course introduction should include
introducing yourself to the audience.
Credibility does not equal superiority.
32
Maintaining Credibility
Professionalism
General attitude and behavior must always be
professional: to instructor and students
Not to treat the students as friends immediately
Not to disparage companies, groups, products or
anything by name.
33
Maintaining Credibility..
Interacting with Learners
Equally between students
Be conscious of message sending to students
The way to deal with unexpected questions
Assist students in any way possible
34
Maintaining Credibility..
Diversity
Variety of ethnic, religious and cultural
backgrounds.
Be accepting and supportive of each student’s
differences and needs.
Not to make comments or tell jokes that may
offend a learner.
Not to allow students to act inappropriately towards
other students.
35
Summary
It is important for the students to trust that
the instructor is conveying accurate
information.
Cultivate students’ trust by establishing and
maintain credibility.
Credibility might be an issue or a distraction at
any time during instruction.
Understand what is needed to recognize a
problem and what is required to re-establish
lost credibility.
36
Chapter 4
Managing
the Learning Environment
37
Introduction
Plan and deliver course introduction
Introductions
Course expectations
Course schedule
Timeline
Adapt delivery to meet students’ needs
Pace
Questions
Breaks
Manage interactions
Involve learners
Instructor/student interactions
Student/student interactions
Group strategies 38
The Course Introduction
Set the tone for the entire course.
Cover all necessary information about the
course and put the students at ease.
Course Introduction Checklist
Introductions :instructor and students
Physical and logistical issues (chapter 2)
Course information (description, any prerequisites,
objectives, and materials)
Course schedule
Course expectation and benefits
39
Introductions
40
Course Information
Course description, prerequisites, and objectives.
Exactly what will and will not be covered.
42
Managing Time
Pace
Determine which activities are appropriate based
on the available time.
Student Questions
Can take a significant amount of time.
Breaks
May last longer
43
Manage Interactions
Treat all of the students fairly, give equal
attention to each of them.
Involve the learners in the lesson.
Encourage students to ask questions and
experiment.
Interactions with Students
Learn the name of all students.
Not subconsciously give special attention or
treatment to only some students.
44
Manage Interactions..
Dealing with Problem Students:
Determine whether the situation is having negative
effect on the class.
When must take action, should strive to maintain
the dignity of the student.
If indirect measures does not work, speak in
private to the student about the situation.
Last resort is to remove the student from the class.
45
Types of Problem Students
The Know-it-All
Often looking for recognition of his/her knowledge.
The Challenger
If you do not know the answer, do not try to make one up.
Avoid personality conflict.
The Overwhelmed Student
Partner students together to work on the projects
The Class Clown
Not to acknowledge the jokes
Private talk
The Introvert
Need to monitor that person’s progress
46
Types of Problem Students..
47
Manage Interactions..
Group Strategies
Define the size of the groups.
Define the objectives of the task or project clearly.
Set ground rules.
Set the time limit.
The room layout has to be conducive to group
discussion.
Make sure that the members are on track – let
make mistakes – show correct procedures.
Do not provide the right answers.
48
Manage Interactions..
Coaching Strategies
Develop a positive rapport with each student.
Making mistakes is acceptable and necessary.
Congratulate students on their successes.
Be accessible.
Be enthusiastic about the material.
Do not personalize disagreements.
Relate the information to the students.
Be supportive.
49
Manage Interactions..
Feedback
Attune to both verbal and nonverbal feedback.
Sanity
Thick skin
Not to take negative situations personally.
Not to blame yourself.
50
Summary
The course introduction
Adapt delivery to match the students’ needs
Managing time
Managing group interactions
Involving the learners
Evaluation of the effectiveness
51
Chapter 5
Demonstrating
Effective Communication Skills
52
Introduction
Use verbal communications appropriately
Identify components of message
Understand tone, volume and pace
Recognize fillers
Realize importance of proper grammar
Using non-verbal communication
Appearance
Movements
Gestures
Body language
Monitor and evaluate student communications
Listening skills
Frames of reference
53
Message Components
54
Verbal Communication
Tone, volume and pace
Fillers
Silence
Proper grammar
Emotions
55
Verbal Communication..
Verbal communication checklist
Vary speech to highlight points, convey emotion,
sustain the students’ attention or not
Speak to quickly, too slowly / too softly, too loudly
Use fillers or not
Feel comfortable with silence or not
Take advantage of silence to encourage
participation or not
56
Verbal Communication..
Verbal communication checklist ..
Proper grammar or not
Use slang terms or not
Speak in terms of students or not
Use words to excite students or not
Interested in the topic or not
Fall asleep or not if taking a class from yourself
57
Nonverbal Communication
General appearance
Eyes
Hands
Movement and distance
Body language
Studies of communication show that:
55% of interpersonal communication comes from facial
expressions and body language.
38% comes from vocal quality or tone of voice.
7% comes from the content, the actual meaning of the
words.
58
Nonverbal Communication..
Nonverbal communication checklist
Dress appropriately or not
The outfit distracts or not
Eye contact with each student or not
Stare at students or not
Firm handshake or not
59
Nonverbal Communication..
Nonverbal communication checklist ..
What are you doing with your hands ?
Play with things in pocket or not
Clench objects or not
Point at students or not
Move and involve students or not
Invade personal space or not
Turn back to students or not
Positive or negative body language sent to students
60
Monitor and evaluate student
communications
Listening
Not to chime and help the answer
Restate the question to the student
Frames of reference
Learn the frames of reference to adapt the learning
environment and choose examples
Checking learner understanding
Interpret the signals of each student (verbal and
nonverbal)
Aware of each learner’s level of understanding
61
Summary
Verbal and nonverbal communications
Monitor the messages
Frames of reference
62
Chapter 6
Demonstrating
Effective Presentation Skills
63
Introduction
Plan effective presentations
Utilize outlining
Organize content effectively
Utilize anecdotes, stories and humor appropriately
Visual aids
Handouts
Deliver effective presentations
Coping with stress
Presentation styles
Verbal and non-verbal signals
64
Presentation Basics
Determine the objective
Evaluate the audience
Prepare the outline
Prepare the visuals
Prepare the handouts
Rehearse and evaluate
Present
Re-evaluate
65
Presentation Basics..
Presentation Visuals Checklist
Cover all necessary information or not
Easily to read from distance or not
Too much text on a slide or not
Each graphic has purpose or not
Colors are appropriate or not
Have a backup or not
66
Presentation Basics..
Presentation Rehearsal Checklist
Clear objective or not
Appropriate information or not
Visual aids will support or distract
Proper length or not
Have summary or not
67
Presenting the Topic
Dealing with stress
Presentation styles
Haughty and condescending
The best buddy
The joker
The sarcastic presenter
Bored
Bundle of nerves
The reader
The angry presenter
The liar
68
Presenting the Topic..
The right presentation style
Be natural
Be sincere
Be dynamic
Be relaxed
Interact with the individuals
69
Presenting the Topic..
Varying the presentation
Using stories, anecdotes, and analogies
The opening
70
Summary
Planning for presentations
Delivering presentations
71
Chapter 7
Demonstrating
Effective Questioning Skills
and Techniques
72
Introduction
Use questioning skills effectively
Select appropriate types of questions
Encourage learner participation
Appropriately respond to student questions
Evaluate student progress
73
Why Ask Questions?
Check understanding of students
Encourage student participation
Shape a discussion
Build interaction
74
Six Levels of Learning
RAM: Compare between designs Evaluation
76
How to format a floppy disk ?
o Well, I think one way to do is…, um, you double click on the icon
on the desktop, the umm…
The My Computer icon ?
o Yes, that’s the one … Then you click on the 3 ½ floppy icon and…
Right click, right ?
o Yes, that’s what I meant. Then you click on, umm…
Format on the menu, right ?
o Yes, and then click on Start.
Once you make sure you have right options selected.
77
Types of questions
Closed
Specific answer
Open-ended
Lead to discussion or debate
78
When To Ask Questions?
Beginning of class
Break or meal
End of exercise or unit
End of course
79
Asking questions
Determine purpose
Welcome back everyone! How was the
food at lunch?
… Select appropriate
question
Does anyone have any questions about
the topic we covered before lunch?
Decide who
…
Should respond
Susie, can you explain the steps for
creating an account in windows NT? Determine appropriate
… response
Next we are going to learn about
account management. Can anyone see Determine follow-up
any issues that we need to be questions
concerned about based on the
privileges we chose for the account we
created? Ask questions
80
Responding to the question
Answer immediately
Defer the question until later
Redirect the question
Do not answer at all
81
How to Answer Students’ Questions
Listen to Question
Restate Question
Decide who should respond
Determine Appropriate Response
82
Evaluating the Questions
Inspect students’ performances during
exercises.
Modify the questions.
Evaluate students’ questions.
83
Summary
Needs of asking questions
Types of questions
Design questions
Asking questions
Respond to students’ questions
Evaluate and improve
84
What to Say When You Don't Know the
Answer
1. Reflection
2. I’ll Get Back to You
3. Defer to the Expert
4. Compliment the Questioner
5. Answer a Question with a Question
6. Parallel Answer
7. Set the Rules
You can’t know the answer to everything. It’s how
you handle yourself. Study these seven strategies and
use them to maintain credibility and confidence.
85
Chapter 8
Responding Appropriately
to Learners’ Needs
for Clarification or Feedback
86
Introduction
Feedback
Reflection of how the class is going
Types of feedback
Verbal
Non-verbal
Communication
From instructor
From students
Two-way street
87
Introduction …
Focusing on issue, not person
Pointing out strengths
Pointing out weaknesses
Follow-through
Initiating some discussion
Generating scenarios
Testing for understanding
Having students do it
88
Types of Feedback
Verbal
Mutterings, jokes, questions and answers
Two-minute rule
Praise for asking good questions
Nonverbal
89
Focus on the Issue, not the Person
Pointing out Strengths
Pointing out Weaknesses
Following through
Initiating discussion
Generating scenarios
90
Summary
Learning is two-way street
Recognize feedback: verbal and nonverbal
Follow through
91
Chapter 9
92
Introduction
Motivation
To move to action
Differing levels of motivation
At the class introduction
When introducing new topics
Maintaining a motivated, enthusiastic class
Meeting learner expectations
Positive reinforcement
93
Five basic Criteria
Match real-world objective
Stimulate learners enthusiasm
Promote positive reinforcement
Evaluate effectiveness
Adjust methodologies
94
Selling the Class
Utilizing Introductions
Establishing Credibility
Student Introductions
Experience with the Product
Prerequisites
Current Job Responsibilities
Certifications
Expectations
Realistic
95
Selling the Concept
Announce Motivation at the Start
Types of Motivations
Real-world scenarios
Best-case scenarios
Worst-case scenarios
On-the-job benefits
Unique benefits
Fundamental information
96
A motivational and enthusiastic class
Promoting interaction
Providing feedback and reinforcements in
response to:
Student questions
Student answers
Maintaining high energy to promote
enthusiasm
Encouraging questions with praise and positive
comments
Stressing positive results, which lead to fewer
problem students
97
Needs
Interests
Motives
Concerns
Rewards
Encouragement
Feedback
Support
98
Summary
Stimulate Motivation
Maintain Motivation
Meet learners Expectation
Positive Reinforcement
99
Chapter 10
100
Introduction
Implement a variety of instructional methods
Know their strengths and/or weaknesses
Determine their appropriate uses
Determine when to use each method based
on following items:
Lesson objectives
Learner attributes
101
Instructional methods
Lectures
Demonstrations
Guided learning
Student teaching
Group work
Role play
Simulations
Case studies
Games
Independent practice
Reflection
102
Lecture
Teacher centered, not student centered
Tempting method: cover material quickly, in
control of learning environment
Must keep short and interactive
Timing
Used to introduce, summary
103
Demonstration
Expansion of a lecture: showing after telling
concept
Make use of videos, computers
Make demos as hands-on as possible
Students can see and touch the objects
Require setups that are difficult to bring to the
classroom
104
Guided Learning
Students’ responsibilities: work through a
problem, figure out the answer for themselves.
Teacher’s role: provide tools, answer
questions, focus students when necessary
Teacher must master questioning skills
Students are actively involved
Empower students to solve problem
independently
Take more time, should not rush
105
Student Teaching
Best methods to learn a subject is to teach it
to others
Assign a topic to each student or group:
prepare a lesson for the rest of the class
Teacher’s role: assist with learning the topic
and preparing the lessons
Provide adequate time, ask questions
106
Group Work
Component of other methods
Opportunities to exchange ideas and concerns
Work through problems together
Organize into the same group: advanced and
need extra help students
Encourage team work and collaboration and
promote problem-solving skills
Reveal students’ weaknesses
Passive students: specific time limit
107
Role Play
Acting out a real-life situation
Experience a situation
Prepare to respond to emergency situations
Students may be hesitant, fear to be ridiculed
or embarrassed
108
Simulation
Similar to role playing
Learn a skill or experience a situation
Require expensive or specialized equipment
109
Case Study
Written simulation
Connect material to real-world situations
Case study as homework: reduce time needed
in class
110
Games
Stimulate and encourage learning
Review course material
Icebreaker, relax the students
111
Independent Practice
Give exercises that specially test the objectives
of the course
Ask students to work through exercises to
practice the skills
Observe students’ progress
Assist students when necessary
112
Reflection
Think about the material
Determine questions
See how the material will apply to their work
Follow-up other activities
Properly synthesize their experiences
113
Choosing the right method
Subject matter
Learners
Time required
Available resources
Other modules
Time of day
Your comfort level with the method
114
Typical class
A brief lecture or demonstration to introduce
the subject
Case study, Group work to explore the
information
Role-playing activities might be next
Reflection
Another brief lecture to summarize the lesson
Independent practice
115
Summary
Must use a variety of instructional methods to
reach students
Choice of methods depends on a variety of
factors
116
Chapter 11
117
Introduction
Select appropriate media
Be competent with variety of media options
Use media effectively
Use variety of media to address needs of learners
Recognize strengths, weaknesses and/or
limitations of each media type
118
Select Appropriate Media
Choice of media depends on
Instructional methods used
Level of understanding reached by students
Recourses available
Comfort level
Sometimes more than one choice, choose best one
119
Types of media
Handouts
Boards, flip charts and OHP
Visualizer (data camera)
VCR
Data projectors
Computers
Internet
Audio aids
Laser pointers
120
Summary
Be adept at incorporating media into
curriculum to facilitate student learning
Select appropriate media: capture student
attention and encourage interaction
Success will depend on the familiarity with the
media, the planning and preparation ahead of
time
121
Chapter 12
122
Introduction
Communicate lesson objectives
Define objectives
Define evaluation criteria
Use various evaluation techniques to monitor
learner performance
Formal evaluation
Informal evaluation
Testing
123
Evaluation Techniques
Formal evaluation
Use of test and quizzes
Types of questions
Yes/No
True/False
Multiple choice
Short answer
Essay
Scenarios
Simulations
124
Evaluation Techniques ..
Informal evaluation
Use of activities
Exercises
Lab work
Small group work
Self-assessment
125
Summary
Use evaluation to identify areas that must be
reinforced
Formal evaluations are components that lead
to certification
Variety of methods used in both informal and
formal evaluations
126
Chapter 13
127
Introduction
How successful lesson was
Student success
Instructional design
Learning environment
Methods of evaluating lesson
Criteria to evaluate
Types of evaluation questions
Method of evaluation
128
Circle of Training
Design
Course
Gather Teach
Data Course
Evaluate
Course
129
Items to Evaluate
What to evaluate
Student
Instructional design
Instructor delivery
Course materials
Environment
130
Methods of Evaluation
Gather feedback
Yes/No questions
Rating questions
Qualitative questions
131
Creating the Evaluation
Student evaluation of the course
Student evaluation of the facility
Student evaluation of the instructor
132
Summary
Recognize strengths and weaknesses of the
course
Data come from observation by yourself, the
students, and the students’ employers
The circle of training never ends
133
Chapter 14
134
Introduction
Evaluate appropriate components of
instruction
Students
Instructor
Lesson
Instructional material
Report to appropriate groups
Students
Employers
Training organization
135
Reports to Prepare
Student performance
Instructor performance
Student satisfaction
Instructor satisfaction
Suggestions for revision
Student demographics
136
Report Content
Student
Attendance
Skill level
Progress
Interest in certification
Satisfaction with course
137
Report Content ..
Instructor
Knowledge of material
Training abilities
Course management
Course structure
Satisfaction with course
138
Report Contents ..
Course material
Accuracy
Ease of use
Relevance of examples
Graphic design and layout
Learning environment
Physical environment
Logistical issues
139
Send reports to (as necessary)
Students
Employers of students (if paid for the course)
Vendor/Creator of course material
Certification organization
Training center management
Training center department
140
Summary
Evaluations on different areas: the overall
course, student progress, and the instructor
Each group that will receive report has
different concerns in the success of the course
141
Quiz (sample)
There might be multiple correct answers for some questions.
1. When is it acceptable to change the course objectives?
a. Never
b. If you know that the students are under-prepared and cannot meet
these objectives
c. Only after consultation with the designer of the course
d. Whenever you feel a change is appropriate
e. None of the above
2. Which of the following is a good example of a course objective?
a. The students will better understand spreadsheets by the end of the
course.
b. The students will be able to add a row of numbers by the end of the
class.
c. The students might be ready for the certification test by the end of
the class.
d. The instructor will create a positive learning environment where the
students will learn as much as possible.
e. All of the above
142
Topics to discuss
Topic 1
Give your opinions about the types of information that
143
Topics to discuss..
Topic 3
In such a rapid change of technical topics, suggest
144
Faculty Workshop (Oct. 11,12)
International Standards for Classroom
Instruction
(Sat. morning, afternoon)
Top Notch / Summit Introduction
(Sat. afternoon)
English course Implementation
(Sat. afternoon)
Process, Procedure and Technical support
(Sun. morning)
145
About presenter
Tran Ngoc Tuan, ME in Computer Engineering
Director of FU HCM
IT researcher and consultant (since 1997)
Universiry lecturer (since 1998)
Instructror in IT professional education
(since 1993)
Instructor conforming to international standards of
instruction (since 2000)
Training Manager (since 2003)
Email: [email protected]
146
Role Defining Objective
Teacher
Mindset Guide
Maker
Career Mentor
Developer Faculty
Leader