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Building Construction (III) : "Fire Protection"

This document discusses fire protection in building construction. It explains that buildings must be designed and constructed to ensure maximum safety for occupants in the event of a fire. This includes providing adequate structural fire resistance, means of escape, and firefighting equipment. The document outlines various fire hazards and characteristics of fire-resistant materials. It also describes factors to consider for structural fire protection such as fire load and material behavior in fires. Finally, it discusses means of escape including travel distance limitations and protected routes.

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69 views

Building Construction (III) : "Fire Protection"

This document discusses fire protection in building construction. It explains that buildings must be designed and constructed to ensure maximum safety for occupants in the event of a fire. This includes providing adequate structural fire resistance, means of escape, and firefighting equipment. The document outlines various fire hazards and characteristics of fire-resistant materials. It also describes factors to consider for structural fire protection such as fire load and material behavior in fires. Finally, it discusses means of escape including travel distance limitations and protected routes.

Uploaded by

cricket review
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building Construction (III)

“Fire Protection”

Course Tutor: Dr. Kishan Bhatta


Email: [email protected]
Fire Protection:
Every Building contains some materials
that catch fire or are vulnerable to fire.

It is crucial to plan, design and construct


the building in such a way that safety of
occupants may be ensured to the
maximum possible extent in case of
outbreak of fire in the building.
The technical interpretation of fire safety
of building is to convey the fire resistance
of buildings in terms of hours when
subjected to fire of known intensity.

It should have structural time interval


so that adequate protection to the
occupants is afforded.
A wider interpretation of fire safety may
cover the following aspects:

1. Fire prevention and reduction of number


of outbreaks of fire;

2. Spread of fire, both internally and


externally;

3. Safe exit of all occupants in the event of


an outbreak of fire; and

4. Fire extinguishing apparatus


 In case of outbreak of fire, the danger is from fire,
smoke and panic/terror.

 Provision of suitable means of escape should be in


relation to these dangers, and the escape should be
located in such a way that they remain un
obstructed by smoke or fumes.

 The means of escape from fire should be easily


accessible, unobstructed and clearly defined
FIRE HAZARDS:
Fire safety of buildings should be considered from three
aspects and protection should be provided accordingly against
the following three types of fire hazards:

1. Possibility of loss or damage to life: Personal Hazard


(requires provision of well-designed and safe fire proof exits and escapes
in all buildings specifically those having more than one storey)

2. Possibility of fire occurring and spreading inside the


building itself : Internal Hazard
(concerns with the damage and destruction of building and influences to personal
hazard.)

3. Possibility of fire spreading from an adjoining building(s)


or fire across a street : Exposure hazard
(deals with the risk of spreading the fire into a building through open air from the
fire in other buildings, from stocks of combustible materials, or into a division or
compartment of same building)
Characteristics of Fire Resisting Materials:
An ideal fire resisting material should possess the
following characteristics:

1. The material should not disintegrate under the effect of


heat;

2. The expansion of material due to heat should not be such


that it leads to instability of the structure of which it
forms a part;

3. The contraction of the material due to sudden cooling


with water (during fire extinguition process)after it has
been heated to a high temperature should not be rapid.
Building materials can also be divided into two types:

1. Non-combustible material > do not contribute to the growth


or spread of fire, but may be damaged and decomposed when
they are reached to high temperature. Examples: stones, bricks, clay
products, metal, glass, concrete etc.

2. Combustible materials > materials burn and contribute to


the growth of fire. Examples: wood and wood products, fiber boards, straw
board etc.

Heat

Fire

Fuel Oxygen
1. Structural Fire Protection

2. Means of Escape in case of Fire

3. Fire Fighting
Structural Fire Protection

 The purpose of structural fire protection is to ensure that during a


fire the temperature of structural members or elements does not
increase to a figure at which their strength would be adversely
affected.

 It is not practicable or possible to give an element complete


protection in terms of time, therefore elements are given a fire
resistance for a certain period of time which it is anticipated will give
sufficient delay to the spread of fire, ultimate collapse of structure,
time for persons in danger to escape and to enable fire fighting to be
commenced.
Before a fire-resistance period can be determined, it is necessary to
consider certain factors:

 Fire load of the building (an assessment of the severity of a fire


due to the combustible materials within a building. This load is
expressed as the amount of heat which would be generated per
unit area by the complete combustion of its contents and
combustible members)

 Behavior of materials under fire conditions,

 Behavior of combination of materials under fire-conditions

 Building Regulation requirements


Means of Escape:

1. Travel distance
 Travel distance within rooms;
 Travel distance from rooms to a stairway or final exit;

 Travel within stairways and to final exit

2. Provision of Protected Route


 Risk to occupants of the dwelling in which fire
originates

 Risk to occupants of adjoining dwellings

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