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Chapter 1: Introduction (PART 1) : Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6th Edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross

The document provides an introduction to computer networking and the Internet. It describes the Internet as a network of networks consisting of millions of connected devices. These end systems communicate through various types of links. The network edge includes end systems, access networks, and communication links. The network core is a mesh of interconnected routers that forward packets through packet switching. Key functions in the network core include routing, forwarding, and store-and-forward transmission.

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197 views

Chapter 1: Introduction (PART 1) : Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6th Edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross

The document provides an introduction to computer networking and the Internet. It describes the Internet as a network of networks consisting of millions of connected devices. These end systems communicate through various types of links. The network edge includes end systems, access networks, and communication links. The network core is a mesh of interconnected routers that forward packets through packet switching. Key functions in the network core include routing, forwarding, and store-and-forward transmission.

Uploaded by

sylinx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Introduction (PART 1)

Computer Networking: A Top Down


Approach 6th Edition
1 Jim Kurose, Keith Ross
2

Outline
 What is the Internet?
 Network Edge
 Network Core
3

What is the Internet?


 Internetcan be considered as network of networks
 There are millions of connected devices in the Internet.
 Those devices can be named as end systems or hosts.
 They run network applicaitons.
 There are many types of communicaiton links.
 Fiber, copper, radio, satellite
 All have different transmission rates.
4

What is the Internet?


 One of important concepts of Internet is packet
switches
 They forward packets coming from one input interface
to a specified output interface.
 There are actually two types of packet switches
 Routers
 Switches
 Another valuable concept here is protocols.
 They define and control packet sending and receiving
process
5

What is the Internet?


 Internet can also be defined as an infrastructure that
provides services to network applications
 Network applications have a broad range: Web, VoIP,
email, games, e-commerce, social networks ...
 Internet provids programming interface to network
applicaitons.
6

What is the Internet?


 There are many network protocols in Internet.
 Protocols define the rules of communicaiton with
respect to format, order of messages sent and received
among end systems.
 They also specify the actions to be taken whenever a
new message receipt.
7

Network Edge
 End systems, access networks and communication links
are considered as network edge.
 End systems (be also called as hosts) can be clients or
servers.
 Communication links can be wired or wireless.
8

Network Edge
 Access networks are used to connect hosts to edge
router.
 Residential access networks
 Institutional access networks (school, company)
 Mobile access networks
 There are two concepts in access networks
 Bandwidth (bits per second)
 Shared or dedicated
9

Network Edge
 Hosts send packets of data to receiver.
 Application message is broken into smaller pieces
known as packets.
 The length of packets is L bits.
 The link transmission rate is R.
 The packet transmission delay that is the time needed to
transmit L bits into link is computed as follows:
L (bits) / R(bits/sec)
10

Network Core
 Network core can be considered as a mesh of
interconnected routers.
 Sending host breaks applicaiton layer data into packets.
 Those packets are transmitted. On network core, each
packet is forwarded from one router to the next one
based on the path (packet switching).
 The full link capacity is used for individual link
capacity.
11

Network Core
 Store and Forward
 All the bits in a packet must be arrived at a router in order
to be transmitted to next link.
 It takes L / R seconds to push out all the bits of L-bit
packet into link at R bps.
 Example: L =7.5 Mbits R=1.5 Mbps

One hoop tranmission delay is 5 seconds.


12

Network Core
 Queueing delay, loss
 If the arrival rate of packets in a router much more than
the transmission rate of link for a while, packets will need
to be placed in a queue in buffer.
 They need to wait to be transmitted.
 If buffer fills up, some of the coming packets may be
dropped.
13

Network Core
 There are two key functions in network-core
 Routing
 Forwarding
 Routing is the process of finding the path between
source and destination using routing algorithms.
 Forwarding is the process of moving packets from one
input interface to one output interface.
14

Network Core
 Circuitswitching is another approach for network core.
 End to end resources are reserved for the
communicaiton between source and destination.
 With this approach, there is guaranteed performance
with dedicated resources.
 Used in traditional telephone networks.
15

Network Core
 Packet switching vs circuit switching
 Packet switching allows more users to use network.
 It is great for bursty data.
 Call setup is not needed.
 Packet delay and packet loss may take place therefore we
need reliable data transfer protocols.

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