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Seminar
On
Cryptography And Network
Security

Submitted To: Submitted By:

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CONTENT
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Cryptography
 Evolution of Cryptography
 Types of Cryptography
 Cryptography in Everyday Life
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 Future
 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
 Network security deals with the problems of legitimate
messages being captured and replayed.

 Network security is the effort to create a secure

computing platform.

 The action in question can be reduced to operations of

access, modification and deletion.

 Many people pay great amounts of lip service to security

but do not want to be bothered with it when it gets in their
way.
CRYPTOGRAPHY
• Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt
and decrypt data.
• Cryptography enables you to store sensitive information or
transmit it across insecure networks (like the internet). So that
it cannot be read by anyone expect the intended recipient.
• While cryptography is the science of securing data,
cryptanalysts are also called attackers.
• Cryptology embraces both cryptography and cryptanalysis.
EVOLUTION OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
 Improved coding techniques such as Vigenere Coding came into
existence in the 15th century, which offered moving letters in the
message with a number of variable places instead of moving them
the same number of places.
 Only after the 19th century, cryptography evolved from the ad hoc
approaches to encryption to the more sophisticated art and science
of information security.
 In the early 20th century, the invention of mechanical and
electromechanical machines, such as the Enigma rotor machine,
provided more advanced and efficient means of coding the
information.
 During the period of World War II, both cryptography and
cryptanalysis became excessively mathematical.
TYPES OF CRYPTOGRAPHY:

1. Symmetric Key Cryptography

 It is an encryption system where the sender and receiver
of message use a single common key to encrypt and
decrypt messages.
 Symmetric Key Systems are faster and simpler but the
problem is that sender and receiver have to somehow
exchange key in a secure manner.
 The most popular symmetric key cryptography system is
Data Encryption System(DES).
TYPES OF CRYPTOGRAPHY………
2. Hash Functions
 There is no usage of any key in this algorithm. A hash
value with fixed length is calculated as per the plain text
which makes it impossible for contents of plain text to be
recovered.
 Many operating systems use hash functions to encrypt
passwords.
TYPES OF CRYPTOGRAPHY………
3. Asymmetric Key Cryptography
 Under this system a pair of keys is used to encrypt and
decrypt information.
 A public key is used for encryption and a private key is
used for decryption. Public key and Private Key are
different.
 Even if the public key is known by everyone the
intended receiver can only decode it because he alone
knows the private key.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CYBERSECURITY AND
CRYPTOGRAPHY
Cyber Security  Cryptography  
It is a process of keeping networks, devices, It is a process of keeping information secret
programs, data secret and safe from damage and safe simply by converting it into
or unauthorized access.   unintelligible information and vice-versa.  
It is all about managing cyber risks in all It is all about math functions and can be
aspects such as people, process, technology, applied in technical solutions for increasing
etc. cybersecurity.  
Its main objective is to keep plain text secret
Its main objective is to prevent or mitigate
from eaves or droppers who are trying to
harm or destruction of computer networks,
have access to some information about the
applications, devices, and data.
plain text. 
It is generally used for the protection of
 It is generally used for integrity, entity
internet-connected systems like software,
authentication, data origin authentication,
hardware, and data, risk management,
non-repudiation, etc.  
disaster planning, access control, policies.  
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
STEGANOGRAPHY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY
Steganography Cryptography
Steganography means covered
Cryptography means secret writing.
writing.
Steganography is less popular than
While cryptography is more popular than Steganography.
Cryptography.

Attack’s name in Steganography is

While in cryptography, Attack’s name is Cryptanalysis.
Steganalysis.

In steganography, structure of data

While in cryptography, structure of data is altered.
is not usually altered.

Steganography supports While cryptography supports Confidentiality and

Confidentiality and Authentication Authentication security principles as well as Data
security principles. integrity and Non-repudiation.

In steganography, the fact that a

secret communication is taking place While in cryptography only secret message is hidden.
is hidden.
CRYPTOGRAPHY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
 Authentication/Digital Signatures
 Time Stamping

 Electronic Money

 Encryption/Decryption in email

 Encryption in WhatsApp

 Encryption in Instagram

 Sim card Authentication

CRYPTOGRAPHY – BENEFITS

 Confidentiality − Encryption technique can guard the

information and communication from unauthorized revelation
and access of information.
 Authentication − The cryptographic techniques such as
MAC and digital signatures can protect information against
spoofing and forgeries.
 Data Integrity − The cryptographic hash functions are
playing vital role in assuring the users about the data integrity.
 Non-repudiation − The digital signature provides the non-
repudiation service to guard against the dispute that may arise
due to denial of passing message by the sender.
CRYPTOGRAPHY – DRAWBACKS

 A strongly encrypted, authentic, and digitally signed information

can be difficult to access even for a legitimate user at a crucial
time of decision-making. The network or the computer system can
be attacked and rendered non-functional by an intruder.
 High availability, one of the fundamental aspects of information
security, cannot be ensured through the use of cryptography. Other
methods are needed to guard against the threats such as denial of
service or complete breakdown of information system.
 Another fundamental need of information security of selective
access control also cannot be realized through the use of
cryptography. Administrative controls and procedures are required
to be exercised for the same.
FUTURE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY

 Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) has already been invented but its
advantages and disadvantages are not yet fully understood. ECC allows to
perform encryption and decryption in a drastically lesser time, thus
allowing a higher amount of data to be passed with equal security.
However, as other methods of encryption, ECC must also be tested and
proven secure before it is accepted for governmental, commercial, and
private use.
 Quantum computation is the new phenomenon. While modern
computers store data using a binary format called a "bit" in which a "1" or
a "0" can be stored; a quantum computer stores data using a quantum
superposition of multiple states. These multiple valued states are stored in
"quantum bits" or "qubits". This allows the computation of numbers to be
several orders of magnitude faster than traditional transistor processors.
 CONCLUSION:

• Network security is a very difficult topic. Every

one has a different idea of what “security” is,
and what levels of risks are acceptable.
• The key for building a secure network is to
define what security means to your
organization.
REFERENCE

 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com

 www.studymafia.org

 www.projectsreports.org
THANK YOU!