UNDERSTANDING

ENGINEERING

MATHEMATICS

JOHN BIRD
WORKED SOLUTIONS TO

EXERCISES

1 © 2014, John Bird

 INTRODUCTION

In Understanding Engineering Mathematic there are over 2750 further problems arranged regularly

throughout the text within 370 Exercises. The solutions for all 2750 of these further problems has

been prepared in this document.

CONTENTS

Page
Chapter 1 Basic arithmetic (Exercises 1 to 4) 1
Chapter 2 Fractions (Exercises 5 to 7) 6
Chapter 3 Decimals (Exercises 8 to 11) 21
Chapter 4 Using a calculator (Exercises 12 to 22) 33
Chapter 5 Percentages (Exercises 23 to 25) 47
Chapter 6 Ratio and proportion (Exercises 26 to 30) 74
Chapter 7 Powers, roots and laws of indices (Exercises 31 to 33) 88
Chapter 8 Units, prefixes and engineering notation (Exercises 34 to 36) 102
Chapter 9 Basic algebra (Exercises 37 to 40) 112
Chapter 10 Further algebra (Exercises 41 to 43) 122
Chapter 11 Solving simple equations (Exercises 44 to 47) 133
Chapter 12 Transposing formulae (Exercises 48 to 50) 143
Chapter 13 Solving simultaneous equations (Exercises 51 to 55) 163
Chapter 14 Solving quadratic equations (Exercises 56 to 60) 180
Chapter 15 Logarithms (Exercises 61 to 63) 210
Chapter 16 Exponential functions (Exercises 64 to 68) 237
Chapter 17 Inequalities (Exercises 69 to 73) 249
Chapter 18 Polynomial division and the factor and remainder theorems
(Exercises 74 to 76) 273
Chapter 19 Number sequences (Exercises 77 to 33) 284
Chapter 20 Binary, octal and hexadecimal (Exercises 84 to 89) 293
Chapter 21 Partial fractions (Exercises 90 to 92) 311
Chapter 22 The binomial series (Exercises 93 to 96) 335
Chapter 23 Maclaurin’s series (Exercises 97 to 99) 345
Chapter 24 Hyperbolic functions (Exercises 100 to 103) 359
Chapter 25 Solving equations by iterative methods (Exercises 104 to 106) 370
Chapter 26 Boolean algebra and logic circuits (Exercises 107 to 112) 385
Chapter 27 Areas of common shapes (Exercises 113 to 117) 410
Chapter 28 The circle and its properties (Exercises 118 to 123) 438
Chapter 29 Volumes and surface areas of common solids
(Exercises 124 to 130) 451
Chapter 30 Irregular areas and volumes and mean values
(Exercises 131 to 133) 468
Chapter 31 Straight line graphs (Exercises 134 to 136) 503

2 © 2014, John Bird

Chapter 32 Reduction of non-linear laws to linear form
(Exercises 137 to 138) 513
Chapter 33 Graphs with logarithmic scales (Exercises 139 to 141) 541
Chapter 34 Polar curves (Exercise 142) 558
Chapter 35 Graphical solution of equations (Exercises 143 to 146) 568
Chapter 36 Functions and their curves (Exercises 147 to 149) 571
Chapter 37 Angles and triangles (Exercises 150 to 155) 591
Chapter 38 Introduction to trigonometry (Exercises 156 to 162) 615
Chapter 39 Trigonometric waveforms (Exercises 163 to 166) 634
Chapter 40 Cartesian and polar coordinates (Exercises 167 to 168) 661
Chapter 41 Non-right-angled triangles and some practical applications
(Exercises 169 to 172) 679
Chapter 42 Trigonometric identities and equations
(Exercises 173 to 177) 687
Chapter 43 The relationship between trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
(Exercises 178 to 179) 706
Chapter 44 Compound angles (Exercises 180 to 184) 723
Chapter 45 Complex numbers (Exercises 185 to 189) 729
Chapter 46 De Moivre’s theorem (Exercises 190 to 193) 757
Chapter 47 The theory of matrices and determinants
(Exercises 194 to 198) 779
Chapter 48 Applications of matrices and determinants
(Exercises 199 to 203) 800
Chapter 49 Vectors (Exercises 204 to 208) 816
Chapter 50 Methods of adding alternating waveforms
(Exercises 209 to 213) 849
Chapter 51 Scalar and vector products (Exercises 214 to 216) 866
Chapter 52 Introduction to differentiation (Exercises 217 to 222) 886
Chapter 53 Methods of differentiation (Exercises 223 to 227) 897
Chapter 54 Some applications of differentiation (Exercises 228 to 234) 911
Chapter 55 Differentiation of parametric equations (Exercises 235 to 236) 928
Chapter 56 Differentiation of implicit functions (Exercises 237 to 239) 961
Chapter 57 Logarithmic differentiation (Exercises 240 to 242) 970
Chapter 58 Differentiation of hyperbolic functions (Exercise 243) 978
Chapter 59 Differentiation of inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
(Exercises 244 to 246) 987
Chapter 60 Partial differentiation (Exercises 247 to 248) 989
Chapter 61 Total differential, rates of change and small changes
(Exercises 249 to 251) 1002
Chapter 62 Maxima, minima and saddle points for functions of two variables
(Exercises 252 to 253) 1012
Chapter 63 Standard integration (Exercises 254 to 255) 1021
Chapter 64 Integration using algebraic substitutions
(Exercises 256 to 257) 1034
Chapter 65 Integration using trigonometric and hyperbolic substitutions
(Exercises 258 to 264) 1043
Chapter 66 Integration using partial fractions (Exercises 265 to 267) 1053
Chapter 67 The t = tan /2 substitution (Exercises 268 to 269) 1068
Chapter 68 Integration by parts (Exercises 270 to 271) 1079
Chapter 69 Reduction formulae (Exercises 272 to 275) 1086
Chapter 70 Double and triple integrals (Exercises 276 to 277) 1099
Chapter 71 Numerical integration (Exercises 278 to 280) 1110

3 © 2014, John Bird

Chapter 72 Areas under and between curves (Exercises 281 to 283) 1120
Chapter 73 Mean and root mean square values (Exercises 284 to 285) 1133
Chapter 74 Volumes of solids of revolution (Exercises 286 to 287) 1146
Chapter 75 Centroids of simple shapes (Exercises 288 to 290) 1154
Chapter 76 Second moments of area (Exercises 291 to 292) 1166
Chapter 77 Solution of first-order differential equations by separation of variables
(Exercises 293 to 296) 1182
Chapter 78 Homogeneous first-order differential equations
(Exercises 297 to 298) 1191
Chapter 79 Linear first-order differential equations
(Exercises 299 to 300) 1207
Chapter 80 Numerical methods for first-order differential equations
(Exercises 301 to 303) 1218
2
Chapter 81 Second-order differential equations of the form  
dy dy a b cy

dx2 0
(Exercises 304 to 305) dx 1230
2
d
Chapter
y dy
82 Second-order differential equations of the form a
b  cy  f (x)
dx 2 dx
(Exercises 306 to 309) 1247
Chapter 83 Power series methods of solving ordinary differential equations
(Exercises 310 to 315) 1257
Chapter 84 An introduction to partial differential equations
(Exercises 316 to 320) 1285
Chapter 85 Presentation of statistical data (Exercises 321 to 323) 1312
Chapter 86 Measures of central tendency and dispersion
(Exercises 324 to 327) 1333
Chapter 87 Probability (Exercises 328 to 330) 1350
Chapter 88 The binomial and Poisson distributions
(Exercises 331 to 332) 1362
Chapter 89 The normal distribution (Exercises 333 to 334) 1370
Chapter 90 Linear correlation (Exercise 335) 1378
Chapter 91 Linear regression (Exercise 336 ) 1393
Chapter 92 Sampling and estimation theories (Exercises 337 to 339) 1399
Chapter 93 Significance testing (Exercises 340 to 342) 1408
Chapter 94 Chi-square and distribution-free tests (Exercises 343 to 347) 1421
Chapter 95 Introduction to Laplace transforms (Exercise 348) 1435
Chapter 96 Properties of Laplace transforms (Exercises 349 to 351) 1452
Chapter 97 Inverse Laplace transforms (Exercises 352 to 354) 1455
Chapter 98 The Laplace transform of the Heaviside function
(Exercises 355 to 357) 1464
Chapter 99 The solution of differential equations using Laplace transforms
(Exercise 358) 1475
Chapter 100 The solution of simultaneous differential equations using Laplace 1487

transforms (Exercise 359) 1500

Chapter 101 Fourier series for periodic functions of period 2
(Exercise 360) 1507
Chapter 102 Fourier series for a non-periodic functions over period 2
(Exercise 361) 1516
Chapter 103 Even and odd functions and half-range Fourier series
(Exercises 362 to 363) 1526
Chapter 104 Fourier series over any range (Exercises 364 to 365) 1538

4 © 2014, John Bird

Chapter 105 A numerical method of harmonic analysis
(Exercises 366 to 367) 1549
Chapter 106 The complex or exponential form of a Fourier series
(Exercises 368 to 370) 1558

5 © 2014, John Bird