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Brain Computer Interface (BCI) : Visit To Download

This document provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It discusses that a BCI allows a human to control devices with thought by detecting brain signals with electrodes. The signals are sent to a computer which translates them into data to control other devices. The document outlines the history of BCIs and describes invasive, partially invasive, and non-invasive types and some of their applications, such as helping disabled individuals and enhancing gaming. It also discusses advantages like movement restoration and disadvantages like the crudeness of current technology.

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nikhil Rathi
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65 views

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) : Visit To Download

This document provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It discusses that a BCI allows a human to control devices with thought by detecting brain signals with electrodes. The signals are sent to a computer which translates them into data to control other devices. The document outlines the history of BCIs and describes invasive, partially invasive, and non-invasive types and some of their applications, such as helping disabled individuals and enhancing gaming. It also discusses advantages like movement restoration and disadvantages like the crudeness of current technology.

Uploaded by

nikhil Rathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Brain

Computer
Interface (BCI)

Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to download


Introduction
• A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology which allows a
human to control a computer, peripheral, or other electronic device
with thought.

• It does so by using electrodes to detect electric signals in the brain


which are sent to a computer.

• The computer then translates these electric signals into data which is
used to control a computer or a device linked to a computer.
Basic block diagram of a BCI system incorporating signal detection, processing and deployment
Major Historical Events
• 1924 ,Hans Berger,  a German neurologist was the first to record human brain activity by means of EEG.

• 1970, Research on BCIs began at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA).

• 1978, A prototype was implanted into a man blinded in adulthood.

• Following years of animal experimentation, the first neuroprosthetic devices implanted in humans
appeared in the mid-1990s.

• 2005. Matthew Nagle was one of the first persons to use a BCI to restore functionality lost due to
paralysis.

• 2013 Duke University researchers successfully connected the brains of two rats with electronic
interfaces that allowed them to directly share information, in the first-ever direct brain-to-brain
interface.
How the brain turns thoughts into action ?
• The brain is full of neurons; these neurons are connected to each other
by axons and dendrites.
• Your neurons - as you think about anything or do anything - are at work.
• Your neurons connect with each other to form a super highway for
nerve impulses to travel from neuron to neuron to produce thought,
hearing, speech, or movement.
• If you have an itch and you reach to scratch it; you received a stimulus
(an itch) and reacted in response to the stimulus by scratching.
• The electrical signals that generated the thought and action travel at a
rate of about 250 feet per second or faster, in some cases.
BCI
Working

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BCI Model
Interface
The easiest and least invasive method is a
set of electrodes -- a device known as an
electroencephalograph (EEG) -- attached to
the scalp.

The electrodes can read brain signals.

To get a higher-resolution signal, scientists


can implant electrodes directly into the gray
matter of the brain itself, or on the surface
of the brain, beneath the skull.
Basic Mechanism

• Wires from each electrode transmit


their measurements to a computer.
• The electrodes measure minute
differences in the voltage between
neurons.
• The signal is then amplified and
filtered.
• The computer produces a graph
showing the readings from each
electrode.

Digital EEG
BCI Types

Invasive Partial Invasive Non Invasive

Neurosurgery ECoG EEG MEG fMRI


Invasive BCIs
• Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the
grey matter of the brain by neurosurgery.

• As they rest in the grey matter, invasive devices


produce the highest quality signals of BCI
devices.

• But are prone to scar tissue build-up, causing


the signal to become weaker or even lost as
the body reacts to a foreign object in the brain.
BrainGate Neural Interface System 
Partially Invasive
• It is another brain signal reading process
which is applied to the inside the skull but
outside the grey matter.

• Electrocorticography(ECoG) is the example


of partially invasive BCI.

• An electrocorticograph (ECoG) records the


activity of the brain inside the skull, but from
the surface of the membranes that protect
it.

• An electrode Grid is being implanted by


surgical incision.
Non-Invasive
It is the most useful neuron signal imaging
method which is applied to the outside of
the skull, just applied on the scalp.
Techniques
• Electroencephalography (EEG)
• Magnetoencephalography(MEG)
• functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(fMRI)
Electroencephalography EEG Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
In conventional scalp EEG, the recording is obtained MEG detects the tiny magnetic fields created as
by placing electrodes on the scalp with a conductive individual neurons "fire" within the brain.
gel or paste, usually after preparing the scalp area by
light abrasion to reduce impedance due to dead skin It can pinpoint the active region with a
cells. millimeter, and can follow the movement of
Many systems typically use electrodes, each of which brain activity as it travels from region to region
is attached to an individual wire. within the brain.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
fMRI
• It exploits the changes in the magnetic
properties of hemoglobin as it carries
oxygen.
• Activation of a part of the brain
increases oxygen levels there
increasing the ratio of oxyhemoglobin
to deoxyhemoglobin.
Applications
• Provide disabled people with communication, environment control, and movement
restoration.

• Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs, vehicles, or assistance robots for
people with disabilities.

• Provide additional channel of control in computer games.

• Monitor attention in long-distance drivers or aircraft pilots, send out alert and warning for
aircraft pilots.

• Develop intelligent relaxation devices.


• Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable situations (e.g.,
underwater or in extreme heat or cold).

• Create a feedback loop to enhance the benefits of certain therapeutic


methods.

• Develop passive devices for monitoring function, such as monitoring long-term


drug effects, evaluating psychological state, etc.

• Monitor stages of sleep,Bionics/Cybernetics, Memory Upload/Download,


Dream Capture etc.
• Brain as a Computer
Brain Gate

Australian Bionic Eye

Honda Asimo Control

BCI2000
BCI Gaming
Kevin Warwick – The First Human Cyborg
Wireless BCI systems
Advantages of BCI

Eventually, this technology could:


• Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind.
• Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see.
• Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to hear.
• Allow gamers to control video games with their minds.
• Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a
computer.
Disadvantages of BCI
• Research is still in beginning stages.
• The current technology is crude.
• Ethical issues may prevent its development.
• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals
from the brain.
• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.
Conclusion
As BCI technology further advances, brain tissue may one day give way
to implanted silicon chips thereby creating a completely computerized
simulation of the human brain that can be augmented at will.
Futurists predict that from there, superhuman artificial intelligence
won't be far behind.
Thank You

Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to download

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