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Yablonska Iryna Grupa 1 S118L: Linking Words

Linking words show the logical relationship between ideas and help connect sentences when speaking or writing in English. Some common linking words indicate positive or negative addition, contrast, similarity, concession, alternatives, emphasis, exemplification, clarification, cause and reason, manner, condition, consequence, purpose, effect, comparison, time, place, and exception. Mastering the use of linking words is important for developing clear written and spoken English.

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Irenka Jabłońska
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70 views

Yablonska Iryna Grupa 1 S118L: Linking Words

Linking words show the logical relationship between ideas and help connect sentences when speaking or writing in English. Some common linking words indicate positive or negative addition, contrast, similarity, concession, alternatives, emphasis, exemplification, clarification, cause and reason, manner, condition, consequence, purpose, effect, comparison, time, place, and exception. Mastering the use of linking words is important for developing clear written and spoken English.

Uploaded by

Irenka Jabłońska
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Yablonska

LINKING WORDS
Iryna Yablonska Iryna
What is linking words?
 Linking words show the logical relationship between
sentences or part of a sentence. They help you to
connect ideas when you speak or write English.
We can share linking words on positive addition,
negative addition, contrast, similarity, concession,
alternative, emphasis, exemplification, clarification,
cause\reason, manner, condition, consequence of
condition, purpose, effect\result, comparison, time,
place, exception, relative, chronological, reference,
summarising
Let’s study
ENGLISH
POSITIVE ADDITION And , both…and, not only… She is not only polite but also
(but also\as well), too, kindhearted.
moreover, in addition to,
furthermore, further, also,
not to mention the fact that,
besides

NEGATIVE ADDITION Neither…nor, nor, neither, Neither Jane nor Paula has any
either desire to meet him again. Jane
has no desire to meet him
again. Nor does Paula.

CONTRAST But, not…but, although, while, She can speak Russian


whereas, despite, even if, even fluently; however, she is
though, on the other hand, in unable to read or write it
contrast, however, (and) yet, at
the same time
Similarity Similarly, likewise, in the When you move house , you
same way, equally must notify the post office of
your change of adress.
Similarly, you must register
with the local county council.

Concession But, even so, however, (and) She applied fot the job even
still, (and) yet, nevertheless, though she wasn’t suitably
on the other hand, although, qualified.
even though, despite\in spite
of, regardless of, admittedly,
considering, whereas, while,
nonetheless

Alternative or, on the other hand, either… They could take a holiday now
or, alternatively or\on the other
hand\alternatively they could
wait until the summer
Emphasis Besides, not only this but… I find him pushy and
also, as well, what is more, in demanding and, what is
fact, as a matter of fact, to more, he is self-centred.
tell you the truth, actually,
indeed, let alone

Exemplification as., such as, like, for example, I enjoed all the books you lent
for instance, particularly, but in particular I liked “Wild
especially, in particular Swans”

Clarification That is to say, specifically, in He needs to concentrate more


other words, to put it another on his schoolwork.
way, I mean Specifically, he has to pay
more attention in the
classroom.

Cause\Reason As, because, because of, since, The company has decided to
on the grounds that, seeing take on more staff now that
that, due to, in view of, owing sales are increasing.
to, now that, so
Manner As, (in) the way, how, the The manager explained how
way in which, (in) the the organisation could increase
same way (as), as if, as productivity
though
Condition If, in case, assuming (that), Please notify us in the event
on condition(that), provided that\in case you are unable to
(that), unless, in the event attend the meeting
(that), in the event of, as\so
long as, granted\granting
(that), whether, whether…
or(alternative condition),
only if, even if, otherwise,
or (else), in case of

Consequence of a condition Consequently, then, under I may take a long lunch break
those circumstances, if so, tomorrow. If so, I can go to the
if not, so, therefore, in that hairdresser’s then.
case, otherwise, thus

Purpose So that, so as (not) to, in I took plenty of magazines with


order (not) to, in order that, me in case I got bored during the
for fear (that), in case flight.
Effect\Result Such\so… that, consequently, The room at the Ritz was
for this reason, as a double-booked and, as a
consequence, thus, therefore, consequence, we were moved
so to another hotel.

Comparison As…as, than, half as…as, You look nothing like your
nothing like, the…the, twice sister.
as…as, less…than

Time When, whenever, as, while, As a freelancer writer she can


now (that), before, until, till, choose to work whenever she
after, since wants.

Place Where, wherever She makes friends wherever


she goes.
Exception But (for), except (for), apart We have sent invitations to
from everyone apart from the Fords.

Relative Who, whom, whose, which, Let me introduce you to the


what, that man whose ideas have
revolutionised the workplace.
Choronological Beginning: initially, first…, at First of all, we need to decide
first, to start\begin with, first what the problem is.
of all Then, we need to consider all
continuing: secondly…, after possible solutions.
this\that, second…, afterwards, Finally, we must decide on the
then, next, before this best alternative.
concluding: finally, at last, in
the end, eventually, lastly, last
but not the least

Reference Considering, concerning, Considering the length of


regarding, with time he took to write the
respect\regard\reference to, in report, it is not up to standard.
respect\regard\reference to
this\to the fact that

Summarising In conclusion, in summary, to To sum up, the film was a


sum up, as I have said, as (it) complete waste of time.
was previously stated, on the
whole, in all, all in all,
altogether, in short, briefly, to
put it briefly
Let’s do some exercises in order to
remember material
Exercise 1.
 1.You could leave now. You could wait and ride with us. ( either…or)…You could either leave
now or wait and ride with us.(Alternative)
 2.He’s not a very good tennis player. He practises all the time. ( considering)
3. He decided to change jobs. He wanted a chance to be more creative. ( on the ground that)
4.I don’t feel like going out tonight. I never enjoy myself at discos. ( besides)
5. He’s afraid of heights. He wants to go rock climbing.( and yet)
6. You should write down your appointments. You won’t forget them. ( so that)
7. We’re going to go on with the project. They say it’s no longer necessary. ( even if)
8.This house is exactly what we are looking for. It’s a real bargain. ( moreover)
9. She hardly ever practises the piano. She’s plays very well. ( even though)
10. It was an interesting conference. There was one speaker who was boring.( in spite of)
11.She always gives money to poor people. She’s extremely generous. ( in other words)
12. I enjoy her company. She’s been a great help to me. (not only…but also)
13. She sings like an opera star. She isn’t a star though. ( as if)
14. Exercising will help you feel better. Eating less will improve you health. ( likewise)
15. He isn’t qualified for the job. He hasn’t had much practical experience. ( what is more)
16. You can play tennis for free here. You have to book in advance though. ( provided)
17. I received a letter today. It was about my insurance policy. ( regarding)
18. You should always wear a seatbelt. You may have an accident. ( in case)
Exercise 2.
 Oral Development
Student look at the picture, then one after the other continue the story using the
following linking words:
To begin with, consequently, then , not only… but also, in order to,
which, only if, on the other hand, because, what is more, since etc…

Harry is a man in early


thirties who seems to be
in trouble. It all started
when left university…
Exercise 3.
I hope my presentation was useful for you and thanks to this
information you will use linking words more often

Thank you
--for your attention!--

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