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G6 Polynomial Curves

The document discusses finding the derivative of polynomial curves, which is equivalent to finding the slope of the tangent line to the function at a given point. It provides examples of finding the derivatives of simple linear functions and the polynomials x^2 and x^3. The document also discusses how to use derivatives to find the equation of the tangent line to a curve at a specified point.

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Maxine Asuncion
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44 views

G6 Polynomial Curves

The document discusses finding the derivative of polynomial curves, which is equivalent to finding the slope of the tangent line to the function at a given point. It provides examples of finding the derivatives of simple linear functions and the polynomials x^2 and x^3. The document also discusses how to use derivatives to find the equation of the tangent line to a curve at a specified point.

Uploaded by

Maxine Asuncion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POLYNOMIAL

CURVES
WMSU

1
Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:


 
 Use the fact that the derivative is the slope of the tangent line
to the curve at a given point to help determine the derivatives
of simple linear functions.
 
 
 Use the derivative of x2 is 2x and of x3 is 3x2 to find the
equation of the tangent line to these curves at some point (x, y).
 
 
2
Introduction

The essence of calculus is the derivative. The


derivative of the polynomial curves of a function
with respect to one of its variables.

 This is equivalent to finding the slope of the


tangent line to the function at a point.

3
 One of the most frequently used functions
in machine learning and data science
algorithms are polynomials or functions
involving powers of x.

4
Read and Ponder

• Visually,
  derivative of a function f atrepresents the
slope of the curve at the point
 Derivative as Slope: The slope of tangent line
shown represents the value of the derivative of the
curved function at the point x. Sometimes f has a
derivative at most, but not all, points of its domain.
 
 Using derivatives, the equation of the tangent line
can be stated as follows: y=f(a)+f(a)′(x−a)
  5
•  The tangent line t (or simply the tangent) to
a plane curve at a given point is the straight
line that “just touches” the curve at that
point.
 Informally, it is a line through a pair of
infinitely close points on the curve. More
precisely, a straight line is said to be a
tangent of a curve  at a point  on the curve
if the line passes through the point  on the
curve and has slope  where is the
derivative of
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•  Suppose that a curve is given as the graph
of a function To find the tangent line at the
point  , consider another nearby point  on
the curve. The slope of the secant line
passing through p and q is equal to the
difference quotient

7
•  As the point q approaches p, which
corresponds to making h smaller and
smaller, the difference quotient should
approach a certain limiting value k, which is
the slope of the tangent line at the point p.
If k is known, the equation of the tangent line
can be found in the point-slope form:

8

• Suppose
  that the graph does not have a break
or a sharp edge at  and it is neither vertical nor
too wiggly near  . Then there is a unique value
of  such that, as  approaches 0, the difference
quotient gets closer and closer to  , and the
distance between them becomes negligible
compared with the size of , if  is small enough.
This leads to the definition of the slope of the
tangent line to the graph as the limit of the
difference quotients for the function  . This limit
is the derivative of the function  at , denoted .
Using derivatives, the equation of the tangent
line can be stated as follows: 9
•Example: Find
  the slope of the curveat the point
where

 For the function we have

10
•  

 Thus, the slope of the curve when is

11
• Returning
  to the curve, we would like a formula
for the slope of this curve at any point of the
curve, not just at the point (1, 1). We use the
same technique. Given a point on the curve,
we move to a nearby second point , obtained
by changing the x coordinate of the first point
by an amount h. Then we calculate the slope
of the line joining these two points. It is
 
 
Slope = = = 4x + h
12
•  As h approaches zero this slope approaches
the number 4x. In other words
 

 
 
 We conclude that the slope of the curve y= x2
at the point (x, x2) is 4x
 

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