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Dialysis: Duaa Farooq Khan 11634 Amina Bashir 11283 Syed Uzair Iftikhar 13608 Qamar Ud Din 13071

Dialysis is a process that removes waste, excess water and toxins from the blood of patients whose kidneys have failed. There are two main types: hemodialysis which uses an artificial kidney machine to filter blood outside the body, and peritoneal dialysis which uses the peritoneum membrane in the abdomen. Dialysis aims to perform the waste removal and regulatory functions of healthy kidneys to keep the body functioning normally. It allows patients with kidney failure to maintain their health but requires specialized equipment and patients must carefully monitor their diet and health between sessions.

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93 views

Dialysis: Duaa Farooq Khan 11634 Amina Bashir 11283 Syed Uzair Iftikhar 13608 Qamar Ud Din 13071

Dialysis is a process that removes waste, excess water and toxins from the blood of patients whose kidneys have failed. There are two main types: hemodialysis which uses an artificial kidney machine to filter blood outside the body, and peritoneal dialysis which uses the peritoneum membrane in the abdomen. Dialysis aims to perform the waste removal and regulatory functions of healthy kidneys to keep the body functioning normally. It allows patients with kidney failure to maintain their health but requires specialized equipment and patients must carefully monitor their diet and health between sessions.

Uploaded by

Aimal Safdar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIALYSIS

DUAA FAROOQ KHAN 11634


AMINA BASHIR 11283
SYED UZAIR IFTIKHAR 13608
QAMAR UD DIN 13071
Definition:

 Dialysis is the process of removing


excess water, solutes, and toxics
from the blood in people whose
kidneys can no longer perform
these functions naturally.
Why Dialysis is Used?

 Properly functioning kidneys prevent extra water, waste, and other impurities from
accumulating in your body.
 They also help control blood pressure and regulate the levels of chemical elements in the
blood.
 When your kidneys can’t perform these functions due to disease or injury, dialysis can help
keep the body running as normally as possible.
Types of Dialysis:

Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis


 This process uses an artificial kidney  Peritoneal dialysis involves surgery to
(hemodialyzer) to remove waste and implant a peritoneal dialysis (PD)
extra fluid from the blood. The blood is catheter into your abdomen. The
removed from the body and filtered catheter helps filter your blood through
through the artificial kidney. The filtered the peritoneum, a membrane in your
blood is then returned to the body with abdomen.
the help of a dialysis machine.
Dialyzer
A dialyzer is an “artificial kidney.” Its function is to remove the excess wastes and fluid from the blood,
when the patient’s kidneys can no longer perform that task.
Dialyzers are made of a thin, fibrous material. The fibers form a semi permeable membrane, which allows
smaller particles and liquids to pass through. During treatment dialysate and blood flow through the
dialyzer. Fresh dialysate from the machine enters your dialyzer through one opening and blood enters
through the other. Wastes are filtered out of your blood into the dialysate. Dialysate containing waste
products leaves the dialyzer and is washed down the drain, while the cleaned blood goes back into your
body.
To remove excess water from the body during peritoneal dialysis, sugar is added to dialysis fluid. As sugar
molecules cannot easily pass through the peritoneum membrane, body water passes through the peritoneum
into the dialysis fluid, to balance out the difference in fluid concentration. This process is known
as osmosis.
DIFFUSION
Diffusion is the exchange of things dissolved in fluid (solutes) across the
membrane due to differences in the amounts of the solutes on the two sides
(concentration gradient). Dialysis machines control the chemicals in the dialysate
by mixing dialysis fluid concentrates, which are strong versions of the chemicals,
(acetate or sodium bicarbonate plus acetic acid based solutions) with purified
water. The mixing is generally controlled using either conductivity control or by
volumetric control (how much water is mixed with how much chemical) of the
water and concentrates. Sodium profiling (changing the amount of sodium in the
dialysis fluid at different times during the treatment) is used in many modern
dialysis machines to vary the conductivity of the dialysate over the course of the
treatment to improve the total amount of solute removed by diffusion.
Components Used in Hemodialysis:

Arteriovenous (AV) fistula. This type connects an artery and a vein.


It is the preferred option.
AV graft. This type is a looped tube.

Vascular access catheter. This may be inserted into the large vein in


your neck.
Different Types of Peritoneal dialysis:

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In CAPD, your abdomen is filled and
drained multiple times each day. This method doesn’t require a machine and must be
performed while awake.
Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). CCPD uses a machine to cycle the fluid in and
out of your abdomen. It’s usually done at night while you sleep.
Intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). This treatment is usually performed in the hospital,
though it may be performed at home. It uses the same machine as CCPD, but the process
takes longer.
Advantages of Dialysis:

Kidney dialysis allows a person with kidney failure to maintain their health.

The overall effect of this is that the blood leaving the machine and returning into the
patient's arm will have:
greatly reduced levels of urea – it is 'cleaned blood'

no overall change in blood glucose levels

the correct water and ion balance maintained or restored (with only excess ions removed)
Disadvantages of Dialysis:

 Kidney dialysis requires highly specialized and expensive machinery. The patient must be
connected to this machinery 2-3 times a week for periods (on average) of between 4-6
hours at a time.
 As the filtration only works when they are connected, kidney patients must monitor their
diet carefully in between dialysis sessions.
 They need to avoid eating foods with a high salt content or a high protein content as
excess amino acids are broken down into urea.
 Finally, dialysis will only work for a limited amount of time before a transplant is needed,
and sadly many patients will die before a suitable one is found.
“ THANK YOU,
”

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