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Capacitance, Capacitive Reactance, and Capacitive Circuits Capacitance, Capacitive Reactance, and Capacitive Circuits

The document discusses capacitors and capacitive circuits. It defines a capacitor as consisting of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store electric charge and is equal to the charge stored divided by the voltage. Capacitive reactance is the opposition to AC current flow due to capacitance. In a series RC circuit, the total voltage equals the square root of the summed voltages across R and C. In a parallel RC circuit, the voltage across each component is the same, while the current in each branch is determined by the impedance of R and C.

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Kareen Chua
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35 views

Capacitance, Capacitive Reactance, and Capacitive Circuits Capacitance, Capacitive Reactance, and Capacitive Circuits

The document discusses capacitors and capacitive circuits. It defines a capacitor as consisting of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store electric charge and is equal to the charge stored divided by the voltage. Capacitive reactance is the opposition to AC current flow due to capacitance. In a series RC circuit, the total voltage equals the square root of the summed voltages across R and C. In a parallel RC circuit, the voltage across each component is the same, while the current in each branch is determined by the impedance of R and C.

Uploaded by

Kareen Chua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Capacitance, Capacitive

Reactance,
and Capacitive Circuits
CHAPTER 9
CAPACITOR
A capacitor is an electrical device which consists of
two conducting plates of metal separated
by an insulating material called a dielectric.

A capacitor stores electric charge in the dielectric.


CAPACITANCE
Electrically, capacitance is the ability to store an
electric charge. Capacitance is equal to the
amount of charge that can be stored in a capacitor
divided by the voltage applied across the plates:

Q
C =
V
C = capacitance, F
Q = amount of charge, C
V = voltage, V
CAPACITANCE
The unit of capacitance is the farad (F). The farad is
that capacitance that will store one coulomb of charge
in the dielectric when the voltage applied across the
capacitor terminals is one volt.

The characteristic of a dielectric that describes its


ability to store electric energy is called the dielectric
constant. Air is used as a reference and is given a
dielectric constant of 1. Some other dielectric
materials are Teflon, paper, mica, Bakelite, or
ceramic.
CAPACITANCE
The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the area of
the conductor plates, the separation between the
plates, and the dielectric constant of the insulating
material.

For a capacitor with two parallel plates, the formula to


find its capacitance is:
C = capacitance, F

C = k A (8.85 x 10-12)
k = dielectric constant of the insulating
material
d A = area of the plate, m2
d = distance between the plates, m
TYPES OF CAPACITOR
Dielectric Construction Capacitance
Range
Air Meshed Plates 10 -40 pF
Mica Stacked Sheets 10 – 5000 pF
Paper Rolled foil 0.001 - 1μF
Ceramic Tubular 0.5 – 1600 pF
Disk 0.002 - 0.1μF
Electrolytic Aluminum 5 – 1000 μF
Tantalum 0.01 - 300μF
CAPACITOR IN SERIES
When capacitors are connected in series the total
capacitance CT is:
CAPACITOR IN PARALLEL
When capacitors are connected in parallel ,the total
capacitance CT is the sum of the individual
capacitances.
CAPACITIVE REACTANCE
Capacitive reactance Xc is the opposition to the flow
of ac current due to the capacitance in the circuit. The
unit of capacitive reactance is the ohm. Capacitive
reactance can be found by using the equation

1
XC =
2ΠfC

Xc = capacitive reactance, Ω
f = frequency, Hz
C = capacitance, F
CAPACITIVE REACTANCE
Voltage and current in a circuit containing only
capacitive reactance can be found using Ohm’s law.

VC VC
VC = IcXc Ic = Xc =
Xc Ic
CAPACITIVE CIRCUITS
Capacitance Only
If an ac voltage is applied across a circuit having only
capacitance, the resulting ac current through the
capacitance, ic, will lead the voltage across the
capacitance, vc, by 90o.
CAPACITIVE CIRCUITS
Capacitance Only
RC in Series

  2 2
VT = √ 𝑉 𝑅 +𝑉 𝑐
RC in Series

 𝑉𝐶
tan θ = -
𝑉𝑅
EXAMPLE
A RC series ac circuit has a current of 1 A peak with R = 50Ω
and Xc = 120 Ω. Calculate VR, Vc, VT, and θ. Also draw the time
diagram of i, vR, vc, and vT.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
Impedance in Series RC
Impedance in Series RC
EXAMPLE
A 40-Ω Xc and a 30-Ω R are in series across a 120-V source.
Calculate Z, I, and θ. Draw the phasor diagram.
Impedance in Series RC
EXAMPLE
RC in Parallel

In the RC parallel circuit the voltage is the same across the


source, R, and Xc since they are all in parallel. Each branch has
its individual current. The resistive branch current IR = VT/R is
in phase with VT. The capacitive branch current Ic = VT/Xc
leads VT by 90o. The phasor diagram has the source voltage VT
as the reference phasor because it is the same throughout the
circuit. The total line current IT equals the phasor sum of IR and
Ic.
RC in Parallel
Example

A 15-Ω resistor and a capacitor of 20 Ω capacitive reactance are


placed in parallel across a 120-V ac line. Calculate IR, IC, IT, θ,
and Z. Draw the phasor diagram.
POWER IN RC CIRCUITS
SUMMARY TABLE

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