ARSITEKTUR IOT

SIX PILLAR OF IOT

TECHNOLOGY
SIX PILLAR OF IOT
TECHNOLOGY
• Network Connectivity
• Fog Computing
• Cybersecurity and Physical Security
• Data Analytics
• Management and Automation
• Application Enablement Platform
BUILDING BLOCKS OF AN
IOT SYSTEM
Sensors
• A sensor is a device that can be used to measure a
physical property by detecting some type of information
from the physical world.
• A sensor may be connected to a controller either directly
or remotely.

Actuators
• An actuator is a basic motor that can be used to control a
system.
• Can be hydraulic, electric or pneumatic.
• can be responsible for transforming an electrical signal
into physical output.
BUILDING BLOCKS OF AN
IOT SYSTEM
Controllers
• Responsible for collecting data from sensors and
providing network connectivity.
• Controllers may have the ability to make immediate
decisions.
• May also send data to remote and more powerful
computer for
analysis.
IOT TOPOLOGY

Sample IoT topology consisting

of sensors, controllers, routers
and data centers. To reach the
more powerful computers in the
data center, the controller will
first send data to a local router.
This router is the interface
between the local network and
Internet. It can send data back
and forth between them
 IOT PROCESS FLOW

• A simple IoT system include sensors connecting, through a

wireless or wired connection, to actuators or controllers.
• Some devices can have more than one function.
SIMPLIFIED IOT
ARCHITECTURE
• Several architectures exist to help facilitate the
design and creation of IoT systems.
• A simpler approach is based on connection
levels. The levels are:
• Device-to-Device
• Device-to-Cloud
• Device-to-Gateway-to-Cloud
• Device-to-Gateway-to-Cloud-to-Application
DEVICE TO DEVICE
IoT solutions often support one smart
object connecting directly to another
via a wireless protocol such as
Bluetooth or Zigbee. An example of
this level is a sensor that is located in a
vineyard and detects dry soil. It sends a
signal to an actuator that triggers the
watering system.
DEVICE TO CLOUD
In a device-to-network-to-cloud
communication model, the IoT
device connects through a local
network directly to an Internet cloud
service using traditional wired
Ethernet or Wi-Fi connections. This
model establishes a connection
between the device, the IP network,
and the cloud to allow the exchange
of data and control messages.
DEVICE-TO-GATEWAY-
TO-CLOUD Many smart devices, such as
fitness trackers, are not IP-
enabled and do not have the
native ability to connect directly
to the fog or the cloud. For
these devices, there is
application software operating
on a local gateway device
which acts as an intermediary
between the device and the
cloud service. The gateway may
also provide security and data
or protocol translation. For
devices, like fitness trackers, the
gateway is often an application
running on a smartphone.
DEVICE-TO-GATEWAY-
TO-CLOUD-TO-
APPLICATION Another connection option
supports smart device data
collection and transfer
through a gateway to a local
IP network. The data then
flows to the fog or the cloud
and is then available for users
to export and analyze. The
data is often analyzed in
combination with data from
other sources or other cloud
services.
PROGRAMING
• What is a Program
• Code is a set of ordered instructions created to accomplish a
specific task.
• A bread recipe can be seen as a program.
• Computer programs can be written in different programming
languages.

• Programs are Everywhere

• All computers need programs.
• Operating Systems, firmware, and applications are examples of
programs.
PROGRAMING
• What Makes Up a Program?
• Programs allow people impart logic to computers and are made out of logic
structures.
• IF-THEN, FOR Loops, and WHILE Loops are a few logical structures
commonly found in programs.

• Interpreted Vs. Compiled

• Interpreted languages rely on another program to read, parse, and execute the
code.
• Compiled languages rely on a compiler, another program, to turn the human-
readable code into a binary executable code.

• Computer Languages
• There are several different computer languages.
• Some computer languages are better than others at certain types of tasks.
• JavaScript, Python, Blockly, C, and Java are examples of computer languages.
PROGRAMING
• IOT Devices and Data Processing
• A common IoT application uses sensors to collect data.
• Data is often not useful until it has been processed. Collected data is
often transported and stored in the cloud for processing at a later
date.

• IoT Devices Make Decisions

• Software must be written and uploaded onto IoT devices to allow
them to make decisions.
• Decisions can be as simple as triggering an alarm or as complex as
facial recognition.
SECURING THE CODE
Devices should protect themselves from
attacks that impair its function or allow
it to be used for unintended purposes
without authorization.
Devices should protect the private
authentication credentials and key
material from disclosure to
unauthorized parties.
Devices should protect the information
received, transmitted, or stored locally
on the device, from inappropriate
disclosure to unauthorized parties.
Devices should protect themselves from
being used as a vector to attack other
devices or hosts on the Internet.