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Phonology: Sound Patterns, Phonology vs. Phonetics, The Sound of English

The document discusses phonology and phonetics. Phonology studies patterns of speech sounds in language, while phonetics focuses on physical aspects. It examines the sounds of English, classifying vowels and consonants. Vowels vary in frontness and backness. Consonants are classified by voicing, nasality, manner of articulation, and place of articulation. Studying phonetics and phonology is important for language teaching, understanding variation, and reacting appropriately to different accents.

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Erica Calubayan
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268 views

Phonology: Sound Patterns, Phonology vs. Phonetics, The Sound of English

The document discusses phonology and phonetics. Phonology studies patterns of speech sounds in language, while phonetics focuses on physical aspects. It examines the sounds of English, classifying vowels and consonants. Vowels vary in frontness and backness. Consonants are classified by voicing, nasality, manner of articulation, and place of articulation. Studying phonetics and phonology is important for language teaching, understanding variation, and reacting appropriately to different accents.

Uploaded by

Erica Calubayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reporter: Erica G.

Calubayan

Lecture 3:
Phonology: Sound Patterns, Phonology vs.
Phonetics, The Sound of English
Phonology
Phonology is the branch of linguistics that
studies the patterning of speech sounds in
languages. To a large extent, it is related to
phonetics but has a different focus. Whereas
phonetics concentrates on the physical
articulatory and auditory aspects of
speech sounds, phonology investigates sound
types that subsume all the variations of speech
sounds which we actually produce while
speaking.
Phonology

Concerns itself with the ways in


which languages make use of
sounds to distinguish words
from each
Phonetics
A system for describing and
recording the sounds of
language objectively
Importance of studying
Phonetics & Phonology
1. the sounds system and the basis for the spelling system
2. they may have to teach English pronounciation to
students who are not native speaker of English ;
3. they may have to teach poetry, which requires that they
about rhyme, alliteration, assonance and other poetic
devices that manipulate sounds,
Importance of Studying
Phonetics & Phonology
4. It is important to understand accents and language
variation and to react appropriately to them and to teach
appropriate language attitudes about them in students.

5.We are so literate that we tend to hear the sounds of our


language through its spelling system, and
phonetics/phonology provides a corrective to that; and

6. Phonetics and phonology provide systematics and well-


founded understandings of the sound pattern of English.
Phonetics symbols
[]

Letters that are to be interpreted as


letters in an ordinary spelling system
<>
Diacritics
are marks placed above or below or
sometimes next to a letter in a word to
indicate a particular pronunciation in regaed
to accent, tone, or stress as well as
meaning, especially when a homograph
exists without the marked letter or letters.
The Sound of English
The Sounds of General American English are classified into 3 namely:

1. Vowels- are sounds which are produced with the vibration of air in
the oral cavity. All sounds, then are voiced oral sounds.

/iy/ - beat , me , key , seed , chief


/i/ - sit , give , rid , pick , live
/ey/- ate , ray , face , weigh , great
/e/ - met , let , head , less , tell
/ae/- cat , am , bag , land , class

Summary :

Front Vowels

Phonetics Symbols Key Word Transcription


/i/ beat /bit/
/e/ bait /bet/
/a/ bask /bask/
Mid-Vowels

Phonetics Symbols Key Word Transcription


/ˆ/ but /bˆt/
/Ә / (schwa) above /Әbˆv/

Back Vowels

Phonetics Symbols Key Word Transcription


/u/ boot /but/
/o/ boat /bot/
2. Diphthongs- Sounds which combine two (2) vowel
sounds and which blend them into one within a
syllable.

Example : Light

The vowel sounds in the word is a dipthongs. It start


with the position /a/ and moves smoothly on to
the /i/ position within one syllable.

Ex. /ai/ /au/


/light/ /now/
/time/ /town/
/might/ /howl/
/height/ /blouse
3. Consonants

Consonants include the sounds we


represents as
<p, b. t, d, m, n, f, v, s, z, l, r h>

All consonants are produced by entirely or almost entirely


stopping the airstream coming from the lungs
Dimension of Variation in the production of Sounds

Voicing – Consonants may be voiced or voiceless

Voice Sounds – pronounce with vibration of the vocal


cords
Voiceless - pronounced w/o vibration of the vocal cords

Examples

Voiceless Voice
p Pen b Ben
t ten ng bring
th thigh v vine
Classification of Consonants

Voicing

Fff, vvv, ffffffvvvvfffffvvvvv

High,thy,sip,zip

Sounds produced with vibrating vocal folds are


said to be voiceless. The letters in [ ] are the
phonetics symbols for the sounds.
Classification of Consonants
NASALITY

Pam , pan , pang


high, thy; sip, zip

Sounds in which air flows through the nose are called


nasal sound. The air allowed into the nose by
lowering the velum, the soft palate the back of the
mouth.
English has three (3) main nasal sounds:

[m] Pam dammy mat


[n] pan dannish Nat
[ᵑ ] pang dingy -----
According to the Manner of Articulation

Consonant may be called :

Stop- are cononant sounds produced by stopping the


passage of the breath stream with the build up of
pressure behind the closure before realeasing the
breath. [p ] & [b], [t] & [d], [k] & [g].

Fricatives – are continuants produced when the air


stream is not completely stopped but passes through
with friction or hissing sounds .
/f/ & /v/, /Ѳ/ & /ồ/, /s/ & /z/, /r/, /ᶴ/ & /dz/ and /h/
Affricates – are produced when a stop combines with
fricative. Like the fricatives, they are also
continuants. /∫/ & /dz/.

Nasals – are produced with the air stream passing


through the nose raher than the mouth. [m], /n/, / ᵑ /

Semi-Vowels –in their production, there is a lack of


friction and sounds are vowel like in their voicing but
they function as consonants. /w/, /wh/, /y/.
Stop Nasals
/p/ pad /ng/ ring
/k/ cad sing
/ ᵑ/ tang bring

Fricatives Semi-Vowels
/v/ vie /w/ wear,win
/h/ how /wh/ why
/s/ sue /y/ new, view

Affricates

/dz/ gin
/t∫/ chin
Point of Articulation

Bilabial –Upper and Lower lips


Labio-Dental –Upper Teeth and Lower lips
Dental – Upper and Lower Teeth with Tongue
between
Alveolar – Alveolar Ridge and Tip of the Tongue
Post Alveolar – Tip of the Tongue and Palate
Palatal – Tongue and Palate
Velar – Back of Tongue and Velum
Glottal - Glottis

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