HAZARDS RISK ASSESSMENT

DR.RIDWAN HARRIANTO MHSC(OM).SP.OK

HAZARD:
 ANY CONDITION WHICH HAS THE POTENTIAL
TO CAUSE INJURY OR HARM TO HEALTH
TYPES OF HAZARDS
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS
 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
 BIOLOGIC HAZARDS
 ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
 PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS
 HAZARD RISK MANAGEMENT:
 THE INTERACTION PROCESS USED BY AN ORGANIZATION TO
IDENTIFIED, EVALUATE AND CONTROL HAZARDS TO REDUCE
THE RISK OF INJURY

The Benefits of Risk Management

o Reduction in Material and Property Damage.
o Effective Mission Accomplishment.
o Reduction in Serious Injuries and Fatalities.
FOUR STEPS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
HAZARDS

• RISK IDENTIFICATION

• RISK EVALUATION

• RISK ASSESSMENT

• RISK CONTROL AND MONITORING (MANAGEMENT

STRATEGIES)
 RISK IDENTIFICATION
THE PROCESS OF RECOGNIZING THE
PRESENCE OF HAZARDS
THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP IN THE
WHOLE PROCESS BECAUSE IF THE
HAZARDS ARE NOT IDENTIFIED AND
ASSESSED, THEN THE SAFETY SYSTEM
WILL BE LACKING.
ONCE THE HAZARDS ARE IDENTIFIED, ONE
OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE AND CHEAPEST
WAYS TO IMPROVE SAFETY FOR THE
INSTITUTION IS TO INTRODUCE INHERENT
SAFETY IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
 RISK IDENTIFICATION
 HISTORICAL DATA
o PAST STATISTICAL DATA  WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS / SAFETY
AUDITS
o EVENT E.G.
ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS o DIRECT OBSERVATION (EQUIPMENT,
MACHINERY, CHEMICAL INVENTORIES,
o INJURIES/FATALITIES PROCESSES/ PROCEDURES, THE
o CONTRIBUTING FACTORS E.G. PHYSICAL PLANT, TRAINING
DESIGN/EQUIPMENT PROGRAMS/ HAZARD CONTROLS)
o DISCUSSION WITH EMPLOYEES,
SUPERVISORS, LINE MANAGER, HEALTH
 SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE,
o MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS EMPLOYER, INSURANCE COMPANY
(MSDS) LOSS CONTROL REPRESENTATIVES.
o NATIONAL/PROVINCIAL INJURY o EMPLOYEE QUESTIONNAIRE
STATISTIC o CHECKLIST
o BULLETINS/ JOURNALS FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH  HAZARDS ANALYSIS
ASSOCIATIONS (NIOSH, AIHA,
ACGIH, OSHA ETC.)
RISK
IDENTIFICATION
 RISK
IDENTIFICATION

1. Work Task List

Description of location, identifying people, equipment & activities carried out

Work Task List

Organisation Location/Department
Location People Equipment activities
warehouse
packaging
filling
RISK IDENTIFICATION

2. Hazard Identification Checklist

To provide guidance on hazard identification in industrial workplace

Hazard Identification Checklist

Facility Name and Location Date
Evaluation Conducted by
Work Area Inspected

No Area Yes No Comment/

Action
1 General lighting
1.1 Are light sittings clean and in good condition ?

2 Walkways/Floors
 RISK IDENTIFICATION
3. Hazard Check Analysis

Listing work activities, description of the hazard, and number of people affected and risk
assessment record.

Hazard Check Analysis

Organization Location/Department
Activity Describe the Hazard Who is affected Risk assessment necessary

Yes No
Memindahkan Kabel berjejalan di Karyawan gudang
barang latai gudang
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
RISK EVALUATION

 MEASUREMENT OF POTENTIAL EXPOSURES

 DETERMINING EXISTING CONTROLS
 CONSEQUENCES OF THESE RISK
 PROBABILITY AND FREQUENCY OF RISK OCCURRING
 EXPOSURE CATEGORY
 HAZARD ANALYSIS : ANTICIPATION OF HEALTH HAZARDS
MEASUREMENT OF POTENTIAL EXPOSURE

• AIR / ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (PERSONAL BREATHING ZONE

SAMPLING, AREA MONITORING)
• BIOLOGICAL MONITORING IS THE MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT
OF CHEMICAL OR THEIR METABOLITES (SUBSTANCES THE BODY
CONVERTS THE CHEMICAL INTO)IN EXPOSE WORKERS.
o THESE MEASUREMENTS ARE MADE ON SAMPLES OF BREATH, URINE OR BLOOD OR ANY
COMBINATION OF THESE.
o BIOLOGICAL MONITORING MEASUREMENTS REFLECT THE TOTAL UPTAKE OF A CHEMICAL
BY AN INDIVIDUAL BY ALL ROUTES (INHALATION, INGESTION, THROUGH THE SKIN OR BY
COMBINATION OF THESE ROUTES
o THUS IT DIFFERS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING WHICH MEASURES AN
INDIVIDUAL’S EXPOSURE

• NOISE EXPOSURE EVALUATION (SOUND LEVEL METER, NOISE

DOSIMETER)
 CONSEQUENCES OF THE RISK
PROBABILITY AND FREQUENCY RISK OCCURRING
Consequences Probability
I CATASTROPHIC may cause death or loss of a facility [A] Likely to occurring immediately or within a
II CRITICAL severe occupational illness or major short period of time when exposed to the hazard
property damage [B] Probably will occur in time
III MARGINAL minor occupational illness resulting in [C] Possible to occur in time
loss workdays or minor property [D] Unlikely to occur
damage
IV NEGLIGIBLE probably would not affect personnel
safety, but never - the less is in
violation of specific criteria
Semi Quantitative Risk Table
Rating Consequences Probability

1 First aid and near misses Yearly

2 Less than OR 4 days MC Monthly
3 More than OR 4 days MC Weekly
4 Fatality and disability Daily
 HOW TO ESTIMATE THE RISK AND ESTIMATE HOW SERIOUS THAT EACH RISK IS ?

Rating Consequences Probability Risk = Likelihood x Consequence

1 First aid and near Yearly
misses
• HIGH LIKELIHOOD (4) X HIGH CONSEQUENCE (4) = 16
2 Less than OR 4 days Monthly
MC • MED HIGH LIKELIHOOD (3) X MED CONSEQUENCE (3) = 9
3 More than OR 4 days Weekly
• MEDIUM LOW LIKELIHOOD (2) X HIGH CONSEQUENCE (2) = 4
MC
4 Fatality and disability Daily • LOW LIKELIHOOD (1) X HIGH CONSEQUENCE (1) = 1

Risk Assesment $ X 4 Matrix

3
Likelihood

5-9
2
3-4
1
1-2
1 2 3 4
Consequences
 HAZARD ASSESSMENT

Risk Assesment 4 X 4
Matrix
4 x x

3 x
Likelihood

2 x

1 x

1 2 3 4
Consequences
 RISK ASSESSMENT

RISK ASSESSMENT INVOLVES CONSIDERING THE POSSIBLE

RESULTS OF SOMEONE BEING EXPOSED TO A HAZARD AND THE
LIKELIHOOD OF THIS OCCURRING.
A RISK ASSESSMENT ASSISTS IN DETERMINING:
o HOW SEVERE A RISK IS
o WHETHER EXISTING CONTROL MEASURES ARE EFFECTIVE
o WHAT ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN TO CONTROL A RISK
o HOW URGENTLY ACTION NEEDS TO BE TAKEN.
 PRIORITIZING RISK
RISIKO SEDANG- TINGGI
RISIKO TINGGI ( >10) (5-9)

• MEMERLUKAN TINDAKAN SESEGERA • MEMERLUKAN TINDAKAN

MUNGKIN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN SEGERA, PENGENDALIAN BAHAYA
BAHAYA KERJA, JIKA DIPERLUKAN KERJA DIUSAHAKAN PENDEKATAN
DAPAT MENGGUNAKAN TINDAKAN YANG TERENCANA.
SEMENTARA.

Risiko Sedang- rendah (3-4) Risiko Rendah (1-2)

 Memerlukan tindakan pengendalian bahaya  Risiko bahaya kerja dapat dianggap dapat
dengan pendekatan yang terencana . diterima, tidak memerlukan pengendalian
bahaya kerja selanjutnya.
EXPOSURE CATEGORY

 ( 1 ) > 50 DIFFERENT PERSON REGULARLY EXPOSED TO THE HAZARD

 ( 2 ) 10 - 49
(3)5-9
 ( 4 ) <5
 RISK ASSESSMENT FORM (FORM 4)
Risk Assessment form
Organisation Location/Department
Activity Describe the staff Assessment of Risk Existing Addi Are Implemetati Due Date Remark
Hazard affected Likelihood x Risk tional control on person
Consequence = Risk Control Control necessary
?

Likeli- Conse- Risk Prioriti-

hood quense level sation Risk
Level level (R) Level
( L) (C)
Memasukkan Tersayat / 5 3 4 12 High --- --- Yah Maintenance April 12 Pelindung pisau
sheet ke mesin terjepit mesin people
dryer
Pembersihan Confined 1 2 3 6 Medium --- --- Yah Maintenance Juni 18 Tongkat
patahan besi space, sesak High people pembersih
korosif dalam hiperfleksi
drum dryer
Memasukkan Terbentur 2 2 4 Medium --- Tidak --- --- ---
sheet ke pope reel gulungan kertas low
---

Drumdrier Bising 18 4 4 16 High isolasi Ear plug Yah Industrial April 18 Kurangi
processing 98 dBA hyginist frequensi
resonansi, Ganti
packing ,
Circum aural
protector
HAZARD ANALYSIS

• A SYSTEMIC METHOD DESIGNED TO

IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE HAZARDS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROCESSING
OR HANDLING OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS
MATERIAL TO ANTICIPATION OF
HEALTH HAZARDS
• THE POTENTIAL CAUSES AND
CONSEQUENCES OF FIRES,
EXPLOSIONS AND RELEASE OF TOXIC
CHEMICALS
• THE EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTATION,
HUMAN ACTIONS AND OTHER FACTORS
WHICH MIGHT AFFECT THE PROCESS
HAZARD ANALYSIS

 WHAT IF ANALYSIS
 PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS (PHA)
 FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS(FMEA)
 THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA) ANALYSIS
 FAULT TREE ANALYSIS & EVEN TREE ANALYSIS
 MANAGEMENT OVERSIGHT & RISK TREE (MORT)
“WHAT IF “ANALYSIS :
THE UNLOADING OF CHEMICAL FROM A ROAD TANKER
TO A STORAGE TANK

WHAT IF …………….
THE CHEMICAL IS THE WRONG CONCENTRATION?
THE TANK OVERFLOWED?
THE TANK VALVE WAS CLOSED?
THE DELIVERY HOSE COME OFF?
THE TANKER DRIVER DROVE OFF WITH THE HOSE STILL ATTACHED?
THE CHEMICAL FLOWED BACK INTO THE TANKER ?
 HUMAN FACTOR UTILITY
HUMAN ERRORS OCCUR REGARDLESS OF
TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE. HUMAN ERROR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS CONCERN
FACTORS MAY DRIVE CONSIDERATION OF UTILITIES, WHICH ARE KEY TO THE
WRITTEN SOPS, A DECISION FOR ENGINEERING SUPPORT OF ANY EXPERIMENT OR PROCESS:
CONTROLS, ETC.

• WHAT IF MATERIAL USED IS TOO • WHAT IF POWER IS LOST?

CONCENTRATED (OR DILUTED)? CONSIDER: AUTOMATIC SHUTOFFS AND
EMERGENCY POWER
• WHAT IF THE VALVE/STOPCOCK DOES NOT • WHAT IF POWER IS RESTORED
OPEN (OR CLOSE)? AUTOMATICALLY AFTER LOSS?
• WHAT IF THE VALVE(S) ARE OPENED (OR CONSIDER: MANUAL RESTARTS
CLOSED) IN THE WRONG SEQUENCE? • WHAT IF LABORATORY VENTILATION IS LOST?
CONSIDER: AUTOMATIC SHUTOFFS,
• WHAT IF INERT GAS IS OMITTED? EMERGENCY POWER, AND REDUNDANT
• WHAT IF UNINTENDED MATERIALS ARE MECHANICAL EXHAUST FANS
MIXED TOGETHER?
• WHAT IF READINGS ARE MISSED OR
IGNORED?
 EXPERIMENTAL OR PERSONAL PROTECTION
ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT
CONSIDERATION OF FAILURE OF MATERIALS OR THIS SHOULD BE INCLUDED SINCE, DESPITE
COMPONENTS MAY RESULT IN DECISIONS FOR BEST EFFORTS WITH HAZARD REVIEWS AND
ADDITIONAL CONTROLS OR CHANGES TO HIGHER TRAINING, INCIDENTS WILL OCCUR.
RATED OR ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF MATERIALS
AND COMPONENTS.
• WHAT IF A BODY IS IMPACTED BY
• WHAT IF THERE’S UNEXPECTED OVER- LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS?
PRESSURIZATION? CONSIDER: PHYSICAL BARRIERS
CONSIDER: PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES AND
• WHAT IF SOMEONE IS EXPOSED TO
BARRIERS; PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
VAPOURS OR GASES?
• WHAT IF GLASSWARE BREAKS DURING
REACTION? CONSIDER: PPE; VENTILATION
CONSIDER: SPILL CONTROL; PPE • WHAT IF SOMEONE IS EXPOSED TO
• WHAT IF THERE’S A FAILURE OF EQUIPMENT RESPIRABLE PARTICLES?
COOLING? CONSIDER: USE OF WET CONTAMINATION
CONSIDER: ALARMS, AUTOMATIC SHUTOFFS, CONTROL METHODS, VENTILATION
AND EMERGENCY SHUT-OFF PROCEDURES CONTROLS, AND RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
A PHA FOR A ROAD TANKER LOADING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AT
A FILLING STATION
FMEA TABLE FOR THESE FAILURE MODES FOR A PUMP
WHICH UNLOADS LPG FROM THE STORAGE TANK AT THE
STATION TO THE PUMP