Door and window

finishing's
 General In introduction
 Definition Of Technical Term
 Size Of Door
 Door Frames
 Types Of Door
 Types Of Window
 Fitting Of Doors And Windows
 Glass And Glassing
 Arches And Lintels
General introduction
Doors and windows are drawn in the floor plan using various symbols and images,
and are further dimensioned and referenced to schedules in the construction
drawings. The symbols used will depend upon the (1) operating action of the
door or window, (2) the specifics needed to describe it, and (2) the scale of the
floor-plan drawing.

Windows in plan
A window usually consists of transparent glass or plastics (glazing) held in place
by light framing, is fitted into a frame secured to the walls. The main purposes of
windows are to illuminate the building interior with:
 Daylight and ventilate the interior, and
 To give occupants a view of the outside. For retail stores, windows may have the
major purpose of giving passers by a view of items displayed inside.
There are many types and sizes of windows. The choices vary depend on the
physical appearances of a building, the natural lighting, ventilation, view
potential and Spatial quality of the building’s interior spaces. Hence, Windows
are classified as follows based on the nature of operational movements of
shutters, materials used for construction, manner of fixing and their location.
- Casement window - Dormer window
- Pivot window - Awning window
- Jalousie window - Double hung window
- Corner window - Gable window
- Bay window - Skylight window
- Fixed window - Special window
- Sliding window
Casement window: - These are the main or common types of windows usually
provided in buildings. The window has a frame which is rebated to receive the
shutters. The shutters consist of styles, top rails, bottom rails and intermediate
rails those dividing into panels. When more than two casement windows are
installed side by side, it is often the practice to specify fixed-sash for the middle
windows, and a hinged-sash at each end. When the sash is hinged at the top, it
is called an awning window; when the sash is hinged at the bottom, it is called a
hopper window. To prevent rain from entering the open windows, awning
window swing out ward and hopper window swing inward.
 Pivoted window:- In these windows, the shutters are allowed to swing
round pivots fixed to the window frame. The shutter can swing or
rotate either horizontally, or vertically.

 Awning window:- also known as hopper windows swing open like

casements but are hinged on the top or bottom rather than on the side.
Some swing inward, others swing outward. Because they are easy to
clean and provide more security than other types of windows, they are
common in schools and in multifamily housing
Jalousie Windows:- Glass or wood louvers that overlap one another form the
panes of a jalousie window, Operated with a crank or turn-screw, the glass
louvers tilt to open, permitting air flow. Besides the fact that they do not
obstruct the view, their biggest advantage is they allow ventilation. A wall of
jalousie windows can be opened to let breezes flow, making the indoors feel like
outside.
Double hung window:- This window consists of a pair of shutters which
can slide vertically within the grooves provided in the frame. Weights
when pulled open the window to the required level. By this method
window ventilation can be better controlled.
Single hung window:- Single-hung windows are similar in operation to
double-hung windows, with the exception that only the bottom sash
opens.
Corner window:- it is provided at the corner of a room to admit light and
ventilation from both the directions. It also beatifies the appearances of
the building.
Gable window:- It is an ordinary window which is fitted in the gable end
of the sloping roof.
Dormer window:- It is provided on the sloping roof of the building. The
main purpose of providing dormer window is to admit light and air to
rooms built within the slopes of the roof.
Bay window:- This window projects outside the external wall of the
room. The projection of bay window may start from floor level or sill
level. They may be square, splayed, circular or of any other shape. They
provided more of ventilation and admit more of light. They may
improve the beauty of the building if a number of such windows are
provided in elevation.
 Skylight:- are provided on the sloping surface of a pitched roof.
The purpose of skylights is exclusively to admit more of light and
it should be provided with fixed glass panels.
Fixed window:- are provided for the sole purpose of admitting
light and/or providing vision in the room. The window consists
of a window frame to which shutters are fixed.
No rebates are provided to the frame.
The shutters are fully glazed.

Sliding window:- Construction of this window is similar to sliding doors.

The shutters move either horizontally or vertically on small roller
bearings, suitable openings or groves are left in the frame or walls to
accommodate the shutters when they are slide to open the window.
Such windows are provided in trains, buses, shops and bank counters.
 Special windows
Doors
Doors may be defined as an openable
barrier secured in a wall opening. It is
provided to give an access to inside of a
room.
• Door is a screen used to seal an opening into a
building or closed area and between rooms in a
building.
• Doors can be made from timber, glass, metal, or
plastic.
• Doors can be designed to swing from one
edge ,slide , slide and close, or roll to close.
TYPES OF DOORS
Doors, both exterior and interior, are classified as
job-built or mill-built. This classification is further
broken down as :
1. Batten (matchboard doors)
2. Panel,
3. Flush doors.
 Doors in plan
Doors, like windows, are important components in the design
of a successful building. The main entrance door is
particularly important, since it will be the first detail
experienced by visitors. The other doors should also be
carefully chosen; a building can be better than its details.
Doors are installed in exterior walls to give access to or from
the interior or to prevent such access. For similar reasons,
doors are also provided in interior walls and partitions. Thus,
a door may be part of a system for enclosing a building or a
component of a system for enclosing interior spaces.
 Types of doors

Doors are available in a wide range of types and materials.

These doors may be obtained in single and double
units .wood is usually used, but metal and glass doors
are also popular. doors are classified as:
 Hinged doors
 Sliding doors
 Folding doors
 Revolved doors….etc
 Hinged:- are may be flush, panelled, or louvered. The flush door
is most popular due to its perfectly clean lines and low cost it
may be solid-core or hollow-core. Panelled doors consist of
ponderosa pine members framing wood or glass panels.
Louvered doors are constructed like panelled doors, but lovers
replacing the panels. They often used as closest doors to permit
circulation of air .hinged doors may be as a double unit to allow a
larger and more dramatic passage way. Hinged double doors with
glass panels are called French doors.
Sliding:- are used to save floor space that is required for hinged doors.
They are especially useful in small rooms. A single sliding door slides
into a pocket built in to the wall. Double sliding doors are usually
installed so that one door slides in front of the other
I. Accordion, folding & revolving

A door that operates on the principle of the folding door, but contains
many narrow leaves is called an accordion door. These may be made of
hinged wood or flexible plastic material. Accordion or folding partitions
are used to provide an entire movable wall between rooms.