Good morning

• Machine safety
1. Safe limit from machine
2. Safeguarding to prevent injury during machine
operation

• Hearing Safety
1. A noise level more than 85 decibels over 8 hrs
can cause hearing damage
2. Wear ear protection
 Material handling
1. Use of cranes, conveyors or any other material
handling devices for heavy parts
2. Ergonomic movement to pick objects, e.g bend
knees to pick an object instead of bending on the
back

 Personal Protective equipment

1. Eye and face, respiratory, head, hand, foot,
protection should be given to employees to protect
themselves against the hazards on the shop floor.
 First Aid
1. The shop floor should be in possession of
all the first aid necessary to minimize the
impacts of the injury.
 Housekeeping - hygiene levels, neatness,
the position & orientation of the machines
and the way materials are stored.

 Ventilation – proper ventilation is necessary

for the physical & mental balance of the
worker.

 Vibrations – causes physical fatigue

 Lighting – proper lighting will decrease
chances mishaps & related causes like
headaches and visual tiredness

 Ergonomics – related to effects on

physiological and psychological capabilities
of workers from unsafe and unbalanced
actions
 It is a planned event, where the workplace is
inspected to identify potential hazards.
 Objectives of a safety Inspection:

A. Checking actual performance against

predetermined standards.
B. Monitoring and evaluating performance against
guidelines.
C. Identifying hazards and workplace practices having
potential to cause injury.
Safety Inspections are carried out in four
distinct phases:
1. Plan the inspection
 Here, factors such as; who is/are the inspector(s),
when will inspection take place, area to be covered,
are assigned.
 Previous inspection reports, injuries and follow up

actions are reviewed.

2. Inspection and Recording
 Recording is done using the appropriate checklist
as they inform the inspector what to look for and
what to look at and thus the expected standards
to be in place.
 A hazard rate is assigned to any unsafe action or
condition so that a priority level can be
established for corrective action.
 Corrective actions are recommended and a person
is given the responsibility to execute them within
a given time delay.
3. Result Auditing
Audits are carried out to ensure that:
 control methods are being complied with.

 that any remedial action has removed the existing

hazard and not created a new one.

4. Monitoring the Inspection
Monitoring includes verifying that:
 the inspection process takes place as arranged.

 the remedial action is taken within a given time

delay appropriate to the risk.

 It is the development of technical procedures and
processes as well as the people to be employed in
ensuring that the requisite safety integrity levels of a
system will be achieved.

Steps involved in safety planning are as follows:

1. Develop a safety policy

It is a statement which holds the enterprises’

commitment, accountability at all levels, and
encourages cooperation.
2. Identify a safety Director
 be involved in implementing or influencing
changes,
 or would be significantly affected by these
changes.
3. Analyse the operational record
 This is important as it can affect the frequency
and design of the safety action plan
4. Hazard identification
Hazards are identified and assigned a level of
significance. This helps to clearly see the priority
level of each hazard.

5. Select, organize and schedule an action

plan
Once hazards have been identified, the appropriate
action plan is defined.
6. Monitoring of action plan
The implementation activities are monitored to
ensure their accomplishment and any roadblocks
are removed.

7. Determine long term and short term

strategy
It is important to promote, maintain and keep
improving the safety planning and procedures as it
is essential for ongoing effectiveness of the safety
policy.
 Industrial hazards are anything that
jeopardizes employee welfare

 Identifying industrial hazards allows

employers to protect their workers from
accidents, injuries and fatalities
 Chemical Hazards and Safety
 Chemicals have dangerous reactivity properties that
lead to fires, explosions, burns or blindness

 Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when

working with industrial chemicals. PPE, such as face
shields and gloves, protects employees from direct
exposure to chemicals.
 Types of Industrial Hazards
 Electrical Hazards and Safety
 Electrical devices should never be mixed with water
or liquids, and only authorized employees should
work with electrical equipment.

 Electrical wires and cords which are frayed or

damaged, they must be replaced.
 Machine Hazards and Safety
 Crushed fingers, broken bones and severed limbs
are potential safety hazards that industrial
machines pose

 To eliminate such risks, employers safeguard

machinery

 Locking machinery prevents it from moving when

workers are not prepared.
 Radiation Hazards
 Ionizing radiation results from unstable atoms
which emit particles from the nuclei. Examples are
alpha particles, beta particles and neutrons.

 Non-ionizing radiation has longer wavelength and

lower frequencies and includes radio, television,
radar, microwave, infrared, visible light, and
ultraviolet areas of the electromagnetic spectrum.
 Noise Radiation
 Noise-induced hearing loss – result from chronic,
cumulative exposure to hazardous noise over many
years.

 Acoustic trauma – severe damage to the inner ear

from a single incident of sudden, intense acoustic
energy.
 Unplanned and unforeseen events resulting
in the loss of life, injury, and property
damage
 Due to poor management policies,

procedures, and decisions.

 Accidents have direct, indirect, and root

causes
 A direct cause is Physical and energy
sources
Hazardous materials

one that is
attributable to Mechanical: equipment, Compressed or liquified
tools, moving parts gas
equipment failure Corrosive, flammable,
or unsafe operating Electrical: poor radioactive, or explosive
insulation, high voltage materials
conditions Thermal: conduction,
convection, radiation
heat transfer Oxidizers, poisons

Noise: intensity,
frequency Dust

Radiation: ionizing, Dust

nonionizing  
 Unsafe operating
Unsafe acts conditions
 Indirect causes are Failure to use proper personal
protective equipment
Workplace congestion and
poor housekeeping

due to human
Improper equipment or
chemical placement Fire and explosion hazards
Hazardous air
shortcoming or contaminants

failure and are not Failure to secure equipment

Making safety devices
Poor ventilation

quite apparent inoperable

Operating equipment without
Excessive radiation

authority Excessive noise

Operating equipment
improperly Inadequate warning systems
Operating defective
equipment Poor illumination
Servicing equipment as it is
operating Defective equipment or tools
Inadequate guards and
Failure to warn personel supports
Off-specification supplies and
Horseplay chemicals

Drugs or alcohol Electrical power failure

Smokig in a prohibited area Instrumentation failure

Using an unsafe position Control valve failure

1) Root cause is due to poor management safety policies,
procedures, or decisions
2) Safety policy not defined and communicated
3) Responsibility, authority, and accountability not assigned
4) Emphasis on production, rather than safety
5) Lack of direct communication with management
6) Unsafe design and selection of equipment, chemicals,
process, and facilities
7) Inadequate safety inspection procedures
8) Insufficient procedures and safety training for normal and
emergency situations
9) Inadequate employee selection, supervision, and rewards
 Define the scope and management support of the accident
investigation.
 Select the investigation team.
 Present the preliminary situation to the team.
 Visit and inspect the accident site.
 Interview victims, witnesses, and on-the-scene personnel.
 Determine if anything different or unusual occurred prior to
the accident.
 Trace the most probable sequence of events, and determine
the direct, indirect, and root causes of the accident.
 Develop any reasonable alternative for the accident’s
occurrence.
 Review the initial findings of the investigative team with all
the participants in the investigation.
 Prepare a written summary and include recommendations
for preventing a recurrence.