ME 234 Mechanics of Materials – I

Lecture 5

Dr. Rizwan Saeed Choudhry

[email protected]

Dept of Mechanical Engineering,

NUST, College of E & ME, Rawalpindi,
College of Pakistan
Electrical and Mechanical
Engineering
This lecture
• Stresses in thin walled cylinders
• Stresses in cylindrical pressure vessels
• Stresses in an axial connection
• Stresses in rotating assembly
• Stresses on an arbitrarily inclined plane
(covered in next lecture)
• Shear strength (covered in next lecture)
Quiz 1 (30 M – A)
Solution Quiz -1
Solution Quiz -1
 Quiz 1 (30 M – B)
A shelf (figure 1) is being made to hold crates having a total mass of 1840 Kg.
Two support rods as shown in figure 1a and 1b will hold the shelf. Assuming
that the centre of gravity of the crates is at the middle of the shelf and the
diameter of circular rod is 12.4 mm and that of pins at B and C is 5 mm a) What
will be the gross normal stress in the circular rod. b)The shear stress in pinned
connection B and C. State any major assumptions.

B
Solution to Quiz 1
Stress in a thin walled cylinder
For the thin walled cylinder (ε<<D) shown in the figure, equal and opposite
twisting torques ‘T’ have been applied. Determine the stresses on cross
sections of this cylinder taken normal to the centre line.

Should the free body diagram

include a normal stress τn ?

Note if we choose to include τn

it may be considered constant
across the thickness (due to
thin assumption) and it should
also be considered constant Equilibrium dictates that τn is zero: as
across the section due to axial summation of forces along normal direction
symmetry. is zero
Stress in a thin walled cylinder
• For the thin walled cylinder (ε<<D) shown in the figure, equal
and opposite twisting torques ‘T’ have been applied. Determine
the stresses on cross sections of this cylinder taken normal to
the centre line.
Stress in a thin walled cylinder
For the thin walled cylinder (ε<<D) shown in the figure, equal and opposite
twisting torques ‘T’ have been applied. Determine the stresses on cross
sections of this cylinder taken normal to the centre line.
• Choosing the two tangent directions as
radial and transverse to the section.
Shear stresses are denoted by τr and τt
• τr = 0 (For now try to visualise this with
geometry. The exact reasoning will be
given in a later slide)
• τt is nonzero but we need to make
certain assumptions
• τt is uniform over the thickness
• τt is uniform along the transverse
direction of the section
Stress in a thin walled cylinder

dFt  d t dA
remember from rigid body mechanics
 M   rF  0
hence summing (integrating)
moments about the axis of cylinder 2 2
D  
T   r  d t dA where dA  r    d T    t       d
0  2 2
D  
r    2T
 2 2 t 
D   
2
Think about the job opportunities and
challenges!

Descon Hamriyah

An aircraft Fuselage
(AIRBUS)
CNG Cylinders for Vehicle
(Finetec)
Cylindrical Pressure vessels
- Axial and Hoop Stresses
• Determine the stresses in
the area element shown
for a thin walled cylindrical
pressure vessel
• Gas Pressure = 210 Bar
• Outer Dia 270 mm
• Wall thickness = 7 mm
Cylindrical Pressure vessels
- Axial and Hoop Stresses
• Considering the face BC:
Equilibrium in the Axial Direction dictates

F n1  n1 Acylinder  wall  pAcylinder  face (lid )  0

 D2 2 ( D  2t ) 2  ( D  2t ) 2
 n1     p
 4 4  4

( D  2t ) 2
  n1  p 2  187 MPa
D  ( D  2t ) 2
Cylindrical Pressure vessels
- Axial and Hoop Stresses
• In order to consider face DC imagine a half
cylinder of unit length
• Consider the free body diagram and note
the area under pressure for the element
shown is a product of arc length and the
length of element (unit in this case)
• Equilibrium in the vertical direction dictates

F n2 0
 n1 Awall  area  along  pA cylinder  surface   0
 axis  for  along  axis 
unit  length unit  length
Cylindrical Pressure vessels
- Axial and Hoop Stresses

D
(  t)
  n2 p 2  384MPa
t
Cylindrical Pressure vessels
- Axial and Hoop Stresses
Did you notice
1. Two normal stresses ?
2. Relationship between the
Axial and Hoop Stress? → pr
can you prove this relation?  Axial 
(Home work 2) 2t
pr
3. Is there a ready method of  hoop 
finding force due to uniform t
pressure on a curved
surface?.
Cylindrical Pressure vessels
- Axial and Hoop Stresses
• From considerations of hydrostatics force
in a particular direction due to a pressure
on a curved surface equals the pressure
times the projected area of this surface in
the direction of force
• In this case the projected area is apparent
on visual examination that is;
area = 1 x (D – 2t)
• Can you see there is also a possibility of
third component of Stress in this case? i.e.
along the radius? Will that be significant?
Stresses in an axial connection
• A Shaft is connected to a
rubber tube via a rubber
insert that is glued to each
member and loaded with an
axial force P as shown.
Objective:
• Determine the shear stress
as a function of radius (r) of
cylindrical surface.
• Determine the normal stress
on the tube below the rubber
connector.
Stresses in an axial connection
We form a free body by slicing the rubber
face downwards along the shaft axis,
exposing the vertical shear stress
distribution
Applying the equilibrium statement
F y 0
4244
 s Ashear - P  0 s  Pa
r

 s (2  r  h)  P
Free body for area
in shear
Stresses in an axial connection
Note that this time we have sectioned the
body below the rubber connector and in
a direction perpendicular the shaft axis
Again using the statement of Equilibrium

F y 0

  2

 n   Douter tube  Dinner
2

tube  P
4

  n  4.004 MPa
Free body for normal
stress in tube
Stresses in rotating Rods- Drum
assembly
• Find normal stress on cross
sections of rods at the base of
the rods and at 100 mm from
the base – Mass per unit length
of rod is 5 Kg/m
• Where do you think such an F  Mrw 2
assembly can be used?
• What are the forces acting on
the rods?
• Are they uniform over the length
(radius ‘r’ shown in figure)
• Is the stress constant over the
cross section area ?
Stresses in rotating Rods- Drum
assembly

F  Mrw 2
Stresses in rotating Rods - Drum
assembly

again F  Mrw2
  0.03
2 2
0.24  (500)(2 ) 
2   (5dr )(r )  
4 0.14
 60
 2  3.8E 5Pa