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Artificial Family Planning Methods Artificial Family Planning Methods

This document summarizes several common artificial family planning methods: combined oral contraceptives (COCs/birth control pills), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera injection), intrauterine devices (IUDs), barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, spermicides), and permanent methods (vasectomy for men and bilateral tubal ligation for women). It describes how each method works, effectiveness rates, advantages, disadvantages, and contraindications. COCs contain estrogen and progesterone to prevent pregnancy. Depo-Provera is an injection given every 3 months. IUDs are devices inserted in the uterus to prevent fertilization. Barrier methods block

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Jullienne Ysabelle Ang
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238 views33 pages

Artificial Family Planning Methods Artificial Family Planning Methods

This document summarizes several common artificial family planning methods: combined oral contraceptives (COCs/birth control pills), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera injection), intrauterine devices (IUDs), barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, spermicides), and permanent methods (vasectomy for men and bilateral tubal ligation for women). It describes how each method works, effectiveness rates, advantages, disadvantages, and contraindications. COCs contain estrogen and progesterone to prevent pregnancy. Depo-Provera is an injection given every 3 months. IUDs are devices inserted in the uterus to prevent fertilization. Barrier methods block

Uploaded by

Jullienne Ysabelle Ang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARTIFICIAL FAMILY

PLANNING
METHODS
1. COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
(COCS) -PILLS

 These are preparations that contains


hormones similar to the woman’s natural
hormones – estrogen and progesteron
 Taken daily to prevent conception.
 They also causes changes in the endometrium
and thicken cervical mucus making sperm-
transport inside the uterus difficult or
unfavorable.
 99.7% effective with perfect use.
 92% with typical use
 Comes in 21 or 28-day packs.
 21-day pack

 All pills in a 21-day pack contain hormones


estrogen and progesterone.
 On the 22nd day up to the 28th day it what we call
rest days (7 day rest) before starting on the next
21-day pack
 28-day pack

o 21-pill contain hormones, the remaining


seven (7) are placebo or non hormones pills.
o After finishes the 28-day pack, a woman can
immediately start a new 28-day pack.
 It is best to start taking them within the first 5
days of the menstrual cycle (it starts on the
first day of period)
Instructions for the use of SDM beads

1. On the first day of menstruation, put the rubber band around


the red bed

2. Move the rubber band one bead every morning in one direction
from the narrow to the wide end of the beads.

3. White beads represent days 8-19 of the mentrual cycle. These


are fertile days.
4. Brown beads represent infertile days when pregnancy is highly
unlikely.

5. The dark brown bead represents day 26. If the next


menstruation begins before day 26, the menstrual cycle is shorter
than 26 days. Go to health worker for instructions as SDM may not
be effective for avoiding pregnancy.

6. The last brown bead represents day 32. If the next


menstruation does not begin on the next day, the menstrual cycle
is longer than 32 days. Go to health worker for instructions as SDM
may not be effective for avoiding pregnancy.
ADVANTAGES OF USING COC
INCLUDES:
 Convenient and easy to use
 Makes menstrual cycle more regular and
predictable
 Reduces symptoms of gynecologic conditions such
as dysmenorrhea and endometriosis
 Reduces the risk of ovarian and endometrial
cancer
 Reversible, rapid return to fertility
 Does not interfere with intercourse; and
 Safe as proven through extensive studies,
although proper precautions have to be observed
by both health worker and client.
DISADVANTAGES OF USING COC
INCLUDES:
 Effectiveness is lowered with incorrect use
and intake of some drugs such as rifampicin
and most anticonvulsants
 Can suppress lactation
 Requires regular resupply
 Offers no protection against STIs, including
HIV
 Has side effects such as nausea, dizziness,or
breast tenderness, which are not generally
harmful.
 May pose health risk for some women.
DISADVANTAGES OF USING COC
INCLUDES:
 Most serious side effects of COC:
 Increase risk of cardiovascular disease
-blood clots
-heart attacks
-strokes
 Increased risk of benign liver tumors
 Prolong use could bring slightly higher risk
of developing breast cancer or cervical cancer
(5 or more years of use)
 Higher risk of becoming infected with Human
papillomavirus, which causes cervical cancer
CONTRAINDICATIONS TO USE OF COC:
 Breastfeeding (less than 6 weeks postpartum)
 History or current heart disease or stroke
 Smoking (15 or more cigarettes per day)
 Raised blood pressure (>160/ >100 mm Hg)
 Diabetes mellitus
 Deep vein thrombosis
 Breast cancer within the past 5 years
 With Liver condition (hepatitis, benign or
malignant tumor and decompensated cirrhosis)
INSTRUCTION TO FOLLOW WHEN A
WOMAN MISSES HER PILLS
2. DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE
ACETATE- BRAND NAME (DEPO PROVERA)

 Injected intramuscularly every 3 months


 Hormones slowly released into the bloodstream
 It suppress ovulation
 Changes the cervical mucus and endometrial lining
 99% percent effective with perfect use
 97% typical use
MAIN ADVANTAGES OF USING DEPOT

 Does not interfere with intercourse

 Since it does not contain estrogen, it can be used


while breastfeeding a baby 6 months or older

 May help protect against endometrial cancer,


pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and iron-
deficiency anemia
DISADVANTAGES OF USING DEPOT

 Delayed return to fertility for about 1-4 months


after use

 Irregular vaginal bleeding is common

 Gradual weight gain

 Does not protect against STIs


CONTRAINDICATIONS

 With liver conditions


 Cirrhosis
 Hepatitis
 Tumor
 Hypertension (160 or higher/ 100 or higher)
 Diabetes Mellitus with > 20 years durations
 Serious cardiovascular problem
 Stroke
 Myocardial infarction
 Deep vein thrombosis
 History of Breast cancer
3. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)

 Usually a small plastic or metal device inserted


inside a woman’s uterus to prevent pregnancy
 It releases copper or a hormone
 Have one or two strings that hang through the
cervical opening into the vagina
 Two types of IUD:
1. Hormone-releasing

2. Copper-bearing
 For woman with menstrual cycle, the optimum
time of IUD insertion is while she is having
menstrual bleeding.

 However it may be done at any time within


the cycle as long as the woman is certain she
is not pregnant.

 An amenorrheic woman may have an IUD


inserted as long as she is determined not to
become pregnant

 After childbirth, optimum time is within 48


hours after a normal delivery and after 8
weeks after a Caesarean delivery
ADVANTAGES OF USING IUD

 80- 90 % effective
 Local action
 Has no effect on amount or quality of breast milk
 Low cost
 Does not interfere with sexual intercourse
 One time application
 Immediate return to fertility upon removal
 Can be inserted immediately after childbirth or after
abortion and can be removed by a trained provider
 Long lasting- the copper bearing IUD last for 10
years or more
DISADVANTAGES OF USING IUD
 Has common side effects such as pain and cramping,
longer and heavier menstruation bleeding and
menstrual irregularities
 Device may be expelled possibly without the woman
knowing it (especially for postpartum insertions)
 Requires a pelvic exam before insertion and requires
a trained health service provider to insert/remove
the IUD
 Does not protect against STIs and may increase the
incidence of PID
 1 in 1000 cases possible uterine perforation, occur at
the time of insertion
 Requires self-checking of IUD strings from time to
time
CONTRAINDICATION
 Known or suspected pregnancy
 Infections of the reproductive tract like current
STIs, PID, Pelvic TB and infection following
childbirth or incomplete abortion
 Unexplained vaginal bleeding before evaluation
 Known or suspected cervical, endometrial cancer
 Conditions with distortion of uterine cavity
4. BARRIERS METHODS
 Devices that mechanically or chemically prevent
fertilization
1. Male Condoms

2. Diaphragms
3. Cervical Caps

4. Spermicides
5. Female condoms

 Effectiveness 70% for cervical caps and


spermicides

 85% for male condoms


ADVANTAGES OF USING BARRIERS

 Generally easy to use

DISADVANTAGES OF USING IUD

 Cannot be used by couples where one or both are


allergic to latex rubber
 Left in place for 6 hours after ejaculation
 But not removing diaphragm for more than 24
hours and cervical caps for more than 48 hours
may result in toxic shock syndrome
5. PERMANENT METHODS
1. Vasectomy for Male
is a surgical procedure where the vas
deferens is tied or cut or blocked the small
opening on the scrotal skin
o 100% effective 3 months after the procedure

o Possible complication
o -Scrotal hematoma
o Wound infection
o Epididymitis
o Sperm granuloma cause by leakage of sperm from the
cut ends of the vas deferens
2. Bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) for female
involves cutting or blocking the two fallopian
tubes. Standard procedure is mini laparotomy
under local anesthesia and light sedation
ADVANTAGES OF USING BTL

 100% effective
 Performed immediately after woman
gives birth or immediate after an
abortion
 Before the procedure a written consent
is obtained and the woman is kept in
NPO for 4 hours
DISADVANTAGES OF USING BTL

 Risk infection
 Bleeding at the site of injury to internal organs
 Anesthesia risk
 Ectopic pregnancy may result after a BTL
 Reversal surgery is expensive
ADDITIONAL
 Subdermal contraceptive implants should
be inserted subdermally just under the skin to
avoid the large blood vessels and nerves that lie
deeper in the subcutaneous tissues in the sulcus
between the triceps and biceps muscles.
 Last for 3 years
 Thank you for listening….

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