Scribd
Upload
97 views

Teaching Pack - Differentiation: Lesson 3 - Classifying Turning Points

The document discusses classifying turning points on graphs through differentiation. It provides examples of finding and classifying local maxima, local minima, and points of inflection by setting the derivative of equations equal to zero and sketching the graphs.

Uploaded by

pappadakundu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
97 views

Teaching Pack - Differentiation: Lesson 3 - Classifying Turning Points

The document discusses classifying turning points on graphs through differentiation. It provides examples of finding and classifying local maxima, local minima, and points of inflection by setting the derivative of equations equal to zero and sketching the graphs.

Uploaded by

pappadakundu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Teaching Pack – Differentiation

Lesson 3 – Classifying turning points

Cambridge IGCSE™
Mathematics 0580

Version 1.0
Lesson objectives

• Understand what turning or stationary points are.


• Use differentiation to find and classify turning points.
Try this!

Look at the graph below. It is the graph of y = 6x - x2.


a) Write down the coordinates of P and Q (where the
graph crosses the axes).
0 = 6x – x2

0 = x(6 – x) x = 0 or x = 6

b) Use differentiation to find the gradient for this graph.


dy
 6  2x
dx

c) Find the gradient of the curve when x = 5.


dy
When x = 5  4
dx

c) Find the gradient of the curve when x = 3. P Q


dy
When x = 3 0
dx (0,0) (6,0)
Video: Introduction to Calculus
Vertex of a parabola

The vertex of a parabola is an example of a turning point. There are two types of
turning points that you might see on a graph, in both cases the gradient of the graph at
the turning point is equal to zero, meaning that we can use differentiation to locate
them.

Places where the graph has a ‘local maximum’.

Places where the graph has a ‘local minimum’.


Try this!

Consider the equation y = x2 – 8x + 7. What does the graph of this equation look like?
Sketch it!
y = (x – 7) (x – 1)
y = (x – 4)2 – 9

What is the gradient of the graph when x = 4?


dy
 2x  8
dx
dy
 (2  4)  8  0
dx

What significance does this have to the graph?


Graph crosses:
y axis at 7
x axis at 1 and 7
Turning point at (4,-9)
Try this!

Consider the equation y = 10 + 4x – x2. What does the graph of this equation look like?
Sketch it!
Doesn’t really factorise
y = - (x – 2)2 + 14

Where is the ‘vertex’ of the graph?


dy
 4  2x  0
dx
4  (2  x )  0
x2
y  10  4  2  22
y  14

The vertex of the graph is at (2,14).


Try this!

Consider the graph y = 2x2 – 4x + 3.

Find and classify the types of turning points, hence sketch the graph.
dy
 4x  4
dx
4x  4  0
x 1

x 0.9 1 1.1
dy
-0.4 0 0.4
dx

So a local minimum at (1,1).


Try this!

Consider the graph y = 2x3 – 24x.

Find and classify the types of turning points, hence sketch the graph.
dy
 6 x 2  24
dx
6 x 2  24  0
x2  2
X = 2 or – 2

x -2.1 -2 -1.9 x 1.9 2 2.1


dy
2.46 0 -2.34 dy -2.34 0 2.46
dx dx

So a local maximum at So a local minimum at


(-2,32 ) (2,-32 )
Try this!

Consider the graph y = 3x2 – x3.


What are the coordinate values of the turning points of the graphs? Use this to sketch
the graph.
dy
 6x  3x 2
dx
6x  3x 2  0
3 x (2  x )  0
X = 0 or x = 2

x -0.1 0 0.1 x 1.9 2 2.1


dy dy 0.57 0 -0.63
-0.63 0 0.57
dx dx

So a local minimum at So a local maximum at


(0,0 ) (2,4 )
Finding and classifying turning points

Is it possible for the gradient of a curve to be zero at a point and for the point not to be
a turning point?

Find and classify the ‘turning point’ on the curve y = x3


d  y 2
=3 x
dx
  =0
x = 0 y = 03 = 0
x -0.1 0 0.1 We call this a point of inflection
0.03 0 0.03
0.03 0 0.03
Finding and classifying turning points

The points where the gradient of the curve equals zero are called ‘stationary points’.

Stationary points can be classified as:

‘local maximums’ ‘local minimums’ ‘points of inflection’


- also called a ‘turning point’ - also called a ‘turning point’

You might also like