COLUMBIA COLLAGE OF NURSING

RAIPUR (C.G.)
SEMINAR
SUBJECT - COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING - II
TOPIC - “HEALTH PROBLEM IN INDIA”

SUBMITTED TO
MS. DANIYA RAJ MADAM SUBMITTED BY
LECTURER MS. DALIM PATEL
(COMMUNITY HELTH NURSING) BSC NURSING 4 th YEAR
 Every country
HEALTH hasIN
PROBLEMS itsINDIA
own health problems depending upon the
standard of living of
INTRODUCTION :- its people, size of the population , geographical location of

the country etc.

•India is vast country with an area of 3.2 million square

kilometers and a population of 1027 million.
•The health problems of such as vast country must also be
large in magnitude.
•Health problems not only affect the individuals but they
Affect the family, community and ultimately the nation,
Actually their impact can be fell all over the world.
 DEFINATION :-
1. "Health problem is defined as the any physical damage to the body caused
by violence or accident or fracture etc. softness , unfitness. poor physical
condition being out of shape or out of condition, an illness, disease, or
other medical problem.“
"According to Medical Directory“

2. "Health problem refers to a state in which person are unable to function

normally and without pain.“

"According to Nurse's Dictionary“

3. "Health problem is a condition in which the body or mind being unhealthy

a specific condition that prevent body or mind from working normally."
"According to WHO"
CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH PROBLEMS
The various health problems of India can be categorized under
following headings:-
1. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PROBLEMS :-
Communicable disease continue to be India is major health problem of today. some
of them appear in epidemic form and some are endemic.
 Communicable disease refers to the an illness caused by a specific infective agent,
transmitting the infection from a reservoir to the susceptible host.
 This transmission is direct or indirect through an intermediate host, vector, or the
inanimate environment.
 Its main reason is the poor socioeconomic level of our country. poverty, illiteracy
and lack of awareness increase the possibility of communicable disease. other
factor related to this disease include environment, life style, health and family
welfare services, food and industrial growth etc.
DEFINATION :- Malaria is an infectious disease caused by
protozoan parasites from the plasmodium family than can be
transmitted by the bite of the female anopheles mosquito or by a
contaminated needle or transfusion.
“According To Medicine Net”

 Malaria continues to be a major health problem in India.

 A malaria case has increased in Goa, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisa .
 During 2005 there were 940 reported malaria death in the country.
 DEFINATION :- Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious
disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs,
but can also affect other parts of the body .. Tuberculosis is
spread through air.

 According to official estimates, India has nearby 12.7

million cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 3.4 million
cases of sputum positive.
 The number of death is estimated to be nearby 600.000
every year.
DEFINATION :- Diarrhea is defined as the loose or
watery , undigested stool passing frequently , 3 or more time
per day.
“According to Sr. Nancy”

 It is one of major cause of morbidity & mortality. and

especially it is found in children below 5 years of age
 The number of deaths is estimated to be nearly 7.1 Lakh
every year.
DEFINATION :- Leprosy is a contagious disease
that affects the skin , mucous membranes,
And nerves , causing discoloration and lumps on the skin
caused by mycobacterium leprae .

It is another major health problem in India. Leprosy is

widely prevalent on India with 5.59 million estimated
cases India accounts for about 64% of the global burden
of the disease and 87% of the regions registered cases.
 Presently all the districts on the country provide free
MDT services.
DEFINATION :- FILARIA IS A threadlike parasitic
nematode worm that is transmitted by biting flies and
mosquitoes, causing filariasis and related diseases.
“According To MADICAL Dictionary”

 It is another major health problem in India.

 304 million people are at risks as they live in endemic areas.
DEFINATION :- Aids is caused by human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that infects cells of the
immune system, destroying their function.

“According To WHO”

 Problem of AIDS is increasing in magnitude every

year .Since aids was first detected in the years 1986.
 5. The cumulative number has risen to 8220 by the end
of july 1999 about 87.3000 cases are zero positive for
HIV in the country.
2. NUTRITIONAL
PROBLEMS :-
 From the nutritional point of view the Indian society is a dual
society consisting of a small group of well fed and a very
large group of undernourished.
 In India, the people are affected with malnutrition and this is
found to be one of the greatest health problems facing our
communities today.
 It is reported that 60 to 70% of young children today have
nutritional deficiencies.
 growth and development in 90% of school going children.
Following are the nutrition problems :-
1. Protein calories malnutrition.
2. Micro nutrient deficiencies.
 This is a disease found in children due to
insufficient food this is also known as
kwashiorkor and marasmus .
 Generally it is found in children below three year
of age therefore it is essential to give proper
nutrition and protection to children against
infections
 Following disease identified as health problems have
been categorized under this heading:-
 Iron deficiency anemia.
 Iodine deficiency anemia.
 Vitamin a deficiency eye disorders.

 Other than these, serious health challenges related to

nutrition are lathyrism and fluorosis in same parts of
our country.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
PROBLEMS :-
 The most difficult problems to tackle in this country is
environmental sanitation.
 The twin problems of environmental sanitation are lack of safe
water in many area if the country and primitive methods of excreta
disposal. Bedsides these, there has been a growing concern about
the impact of “New” problems resulting from population explosion
urbanization and industrialization leading to hazards in India
humans health through air, water and food chain.
 Excessive use of insecticides and fertilizers. Uncontrolled traffic on
roads pollution is increasing which is a fast becoming a major
reason of onset of diseases.
 It has become difficult to maintain the desired level of clean
environment both in rural and urban areas.
 4. MEDICAL CARE PROBLEMS:-
 The major medical care problem in India is unequal distribution of available health
resources between urban and rural areas and luck of penetration of health services
to the social periphery.
 The existing hospital based, disease oriented healthcare model has provided health
benefits mainly to the urban elite.
 Approximately 80 percent of health benefits are concentrated in urban areas even
in urban areas, there is an uneven distribution of doctors.
 With large migrations occurring from rural to urban areas, urban health problems
have been aggravated and include overcrowding in hospitals, inadequate staffing
and security of certain essential drugs and medicines.
 The rural areas where nearby 80 percent of population lives do not enjoy the
benefits of the modern, curative and preventive health services.
5. POPULATION PROBLEMS
 Population explosion has affected the economic development of our
country and living country and living stander of this citizens.
 Community health is actively related to number of people, density of
population and their capability to work.
 Population affects age and sex composition, size of family , urbanization
and life expectancy etc.
 Size, organization and distribution of population depends upon 5 M which
are:-
 Maternity
 Mortality
 Marriage
 Migration
 mobility

 Thus the effect of population on the structure and level of health services
cannot be overlooked
 It will not be an exaggeration to state that population explosion has
negated the growth and prosperity achieved by our nation in 62 years of
its freedom.
Here is a description of 2 main aspects of population problems :-

1. REDUCING IN MATERNAL MORTALITY & INFANT

MORTALITY RATE :-
Mother and child constitute a big part of population these two
belong to the weakest segment.
 Malnutrition , infection , uncontrolled reproduction and various
medical reasons, influence the health of mother.
 Present problem is to reduce the material and infant mortality
rate.
 To achieve this encourage the spacing between children. Keeping
the size of family small , improved in nutrition , development of
healthy habits and measures to protect mother and child against
communicable disease are necessary.
2. REDUCING BIRTH RATE :-

 Reduction in the birth rate is the only solution to population

problems. Reduction in mortality rate on one hand and
absence of reduction in birth rate are the reasons of
uncontrollable growth in population.
 To reduce the birth rate it is necessary to raise the
marriageable age, checking reproduction in early years of
marriage . Improvement in economic level decrease in the
desire to have son and paying attention to other social and
cultural aspects.
 It is important to emphasize the fact that growth and
development in education reduce birth rate.