BSR 512

E S T I M AT I N G

3.0 TIMBER WORKS

4.0 STEEL WORKS

By: NOREHAN HAJI MOHD

NOOR
T.I.M.B.E.R
3.0 TIMBER WORKS@CARPENTER
Divided to two parts;
1) Formwork - as temporary structure
in constuction elements.

2) Timber works - as permanent

structures and finishes - e.g. door &
window frame and leaf, flooring, wall
finishes, nosing, cornices, strip,
architraves etc.
3.0 TIMBER WORKS@CARPENTER

3.1 FORMWORK

i) THE QUANTITY NEEDS FOR

CONCRETE STRUT MUST BE IN
COMPLIANCE WITH THE WEIGHT OF
CONCRETE AND SIZE / HIGH OF
BUILDING ELEMENTS.
 3.0 CARPENTER
3.1 FORMWORK
ii) FOR FORMWORK SOFFIT AND STRUT ARE
USED, NOT MORE THAN 3:50 METER HIGH,
ARE CLASSIFIED AS FOLLOWS: -
3.0CARPENTER
3.1 FORMWORK

NAILS / PAKU
iii) For initial use of formwork - need approx. 0.35 kg for 1 m2 formwork.
iv) LABOUR
Labour Output For Preparing And Removing Formwork :-
  POSITION Preparing & Erecting Removing & Storing
(Per m2) (Per m2)
  CARPENTER GENERAL GENERAL
LABOURER LABOURER
  Wall, Roof and Floor 1.00 hour 0.75 hour 0.75 hour
  Beam, Column and 1.50 hour 0.75 hour 0.75 hour
Lintol

Waste
v) Allowance for Waste = 10 % of formwork

Rate of Timber : are sold in metric tonne.

1 tonne of timber similar with 1.40 m3
 3.0 CARPENTER
EXAMPLE 1
Formwork to horizontal soffit of slab - m2

Data :
Plywood:
in size: 2.40 m x 1.20 m x 12 mm thick RM 37.00 / sheet

Timber ( 1.40 m3 ) RM 1400.00 / tonne

Nails RM 3.25 / kg
No. of uses 6 times
Carpenter RM 70.00 / day
General Labourer RM 40.00 / day
Profit 18 %
 3.0CARPENTER
Total (2.4 m x 1.2 m) = 2.88 m2 = RM 37.00
RM
Material Cost 1 m2 = RM 37.00
Plywood / m2 RM 37.00 = RM 12.85 2.88
2.4m x 1.2m
= RM 12.85
Timber soffit :-
Quantity of materials 0.06 m3 x RM 1400.00 = RM 60.00
required 1.40 m3
= RM 72.85

Cost of formwork for RM 72.85 = RM 12.14

1st time use 6 times
Nails 0.35 kg x RM 3.25 = RM 1.14
= RM 13.28
Add: Waste 10% x RM 13.28 = RM 1.33
Labour Cost
Prepare & Installing
Carpenter 1.00 hr x RM 70.00 = RM 8.75
8 hrs
General Labourer 0.75 hr x RM 40.00 = RM 3.75
8 hrs
Dismantle & storing
General Labourer 0.75 hr x RM 40.00 = RM 3.75
8 hrs
= RM 30.86
Add: Profit 18% x RM 30.86 = RM 5.55
Cost / m2 = RM 36.41
3.0CARPENTER
3.2 TIMBER WORK

DOOR DOOR
LEAF FRAME
3.0CARPENTER
3.2 TIMBER WORK – DOOR leaf
EXAMPLE 2
STANDARD FLUSH DOOR
850mm x 2050mm x 40mm thick skeleton framed flush door
obtained from United Doors Sdn. Bhd. Code 123 FD. - no

Data :
Standard Flush door RM 70.00 / No.
Labour cost : Carpenter RM 65.00 / day
Labour constant : Installing & fixing door 0.85 hr / m²
Profit : 15%
 3.0CARPENTER
ANSWER
RM RM RM
Sub-total Sub-total Total
A Material Cost
Standard door frame 120.00
Nails 0.30 Kg x RM 4.75 1.43
121.43
Add wastages 5% x RM 121.43 6.07 127.50
B Labour Cost
Installing & fixing
door frame
Carpenter 1.00 hr x RM 65.00 8.13 8.13
8 hrs
135.62
C Profit and Overhead
12% x RM 135.62 16.27

Cost for install & fixing door frame / No 151.90

3.0CARPENTER
3.2 TIMBER WORK – DOOR FRAME
EXAMPLE 2
STANDARD FLUSH DOOR FRAME
900 x 2100mm high wrought pressure treated S.G.
B timber standard door frame sets obtained from
United Door Sdn. Bhd. Code 987SD and screwed to
timber ground - No.
Data :
Material Cost:
900 x 2100mm standard door frame RM 120.00 / No.
Nails RM 4.75 / kg
Labour cost :
Carpenter RM 65.00 / day
Labour constant :
Installing & fixing door frame 1.00 hr / No.
Nails 0.30 kg / No.
Profit : 12%
 3.0CARPENTER
ANSWER
RM RM RM
Sub-total Sub-total Total
A Material Cost
Standard door frame 120.00
Nails 0.30 Kg x RM 4.75 1.43
121.43
Add wastages 5% x RM 121.43 6.07 127.50
B Labour Cost
Installing & fixing
door frame
Carpenter 1.00 hr x RM 65.00 8.13 8.13
8 hrs
135.62
C Profit and Overhead
12% x RM 135.62 16.27

Cost for install & fixing door frame / No 151.90

S.T.E.E.L
BAR REINFORCEMENT

1. Steel reinforcement consists of 2 shape/form;

i. As BAR
ii. As FABRIC

2. BAR REINFORCEMENT can divide to 2 types :-

Y = Yield or High Tensile
R = Mild Steel

3. Labour constants / output for bending, cutting and placing in

position must based by 1000 kg or 1 tonne bar reinforcement.

4. Percentege of cutting and bending bar - 5 % if it's carried

out at site and 2 % if it's ready made.
4. Table for labour constants / output for BENDING AND
CUTTING (For every 1 tonne / 1000 kg bar)

Hour per 1 tonne of Bar

Reinforcement
   
  Position (Bar Bender)

6 - 8 mm 10 -12 16 - 20 > 25 mm
dia. mm dia. mm dia. dia.
   
Straight and bent bar 40 30 20 15

Link / stirrup bar 65 50 30 -

           
5.0 Table for labour constants / output for PLACING BAR IN POSITION
(For every 1 tonne / 1000 kg bar)

    Hour per 1 tonne of Bar Reinforcement

  Location (Bar Bender)

6 - 8 mm 10 -12 16 - 20 > 25 mm
dia. mm dia. mm dia. dia.
   
Foundation & Concrete
40 30 25 20
bed

Upper floor & Roof slab 50 40 30 25

Wall, Column, Beam &

70 50 35 30
Staircase

Link / stirrup 90 70 60 -
6.0 Tying wire must included in estimating of bar. The quantity of tying wire
needed including hoisting as shown below :-
Table of Tying wire for bar reinforcement Per kg
Diameter of bar (mm) Tying wire for 1 tonne bar (kg)
6 - 12 mm   10    

16 - 25 mm   6    

  32 - 50 mm   5   

7.0 Mass or weight of round steel bar in kilogram per meter

Weight of round bar
Diameter of bar (mm)
(kg / m)
6 0.222
8 0.395
  10 0.616
  12 0.888
  16 1.579
  20 2.466
  25 3.854
  32 6.313
  40 9.864
  50 15.413
8.0 STEEL FABRIC REINFORCEMENT

a) Labour cost
For placing, fixing and cutting the fabric reinforcement, only need General
Worker (no need skilled labour)

b) Table for labour constants / Labour Output for PLACING AND FIXING
IN POSITION Fabric Reinforcement (Hour Per square metre)

    Hour per m2

  Location (General worker)

  Wall & Roof 0.20  

  Foundation 0.25  
  Wall 0.33  
  Staircase 0.50  
c) Mass of fabric reinforcement are rquired in construction as shown
below:-
Table of Normal Mass of Fabric Reinforcement per sq. metre ( kg )
Diameter of bar (mm) Normal Mass per sq. metre
( kg )
  A 392 6.16
  A 252 3.95
  A 193 3.02
  A 142 2.22
  A 98 1.54
  B 11131 10.9
  B 785 8.14
  B 503 5.93
  B 385 4.53
  B 283 3.73
  B 196 3.05
  C 785 6.72
  C 503 4.34
  C 385 3.41
  C 283 2.61
  D 49 0.77
  D 31 0.492
"A" sq. mesh "C" long mesh
"B" structural mesh "D" wrapping fabric
Carriageway fabric sheet : sizes 4.8 m long x 2.4 m wide
Rolls : 48 or 72 m long in 2.4 m wide.
d) Waste and Laps
No allowances for laps of fabric reinforcement. But the contractor
must include the price of laps in their calculation / estimating.

e) Allowance required to be added for measuring fabric, usually the

percentages of laps are different according amount of side and end
laps as shown below :-

Table : Percentage for Laps of Fabric Reinforcement

  Amount of side and end laps Addition for Laps

(mm) (%)
150  12 
200  16 
250  20 
  300  25 

f) Allow 5% for waste of fabric reinforcement and 10% for tying wire
cost.
EXAMPLE 1
Supply, cut and bent on site and Fix Bar Reinforcement
12mm diameter high tensile steel reinforcement in straight and bent bars
in foundation. - kg
Data:
Material prices (including delivery to site)
Reinforcement Bar RM 1700/ tonne
Tying wire RM 2.50/ kg
Labour rates
Bar Bender RM 62.00 / day
Unskilled worker RM 40.00 / day
Labour constant
Unloading and storage 1.5 hours
Cutting and bending 30 hours
Fix and install 30 hours
Diameter of bar (mm) Tying wire for 1 tonne bar (kg)
6 - 12 mm   10  
16 - 25 mm   6  
32 - 50 mm   5  
EXAMPLE 1
RM RM
A Material Cost (per 1000kg) Sub-total Sub-total
Bar reinforcement - 12 mm ø 1,700.00 
Add: waste 5% x RM 1700.00 85.00 
Tying wire 10 kg x RM 2.50 25.00 1,810.00
B Labour Cost (per 1000kg)    
Unloading and storage    
Unskilled labour 1.50 hr x RM 40.00 7.50 
8    
Cutting and bending    
Bar bender 30 hr x RM 62.00 232.50 
8    
Fix/ Install    
Bar bender 30 hr x RM 62.00 232.50 472.50
8
  2,282.50
C Profit and Overhead Allow 30% x 2,282.50  684.75
Cost / 1000Kg   2,967.25
So, COST / KG = 2,967.25    
1000   2.97
   
EXAMPLE 2

Supply, cut and bent on site and Fix Bar Reinforcement

10 mm diameter mild steel as link in wall. - kg.

Data:

Material prices (including delivery to site)

Reinforcement Bar RM 1650.00/ tonne
Tying wire RM 3.25/ kg
Labour rates
Supply, cut and bent on site and Fix Bar Reinforcement
Quotation by Sub-contractor RM 400.00/ tonne

Tying wire for 1 tonne bar (kg) 10 kg

 ANSWER 2
A Material Cost (per 1000kg) RM
Link bar - 10 mm ø 1650.00
Add: waste 5% x RM 1650.00 = 82.50
Tying wire 10 kg x RM 3.25 = 32.50
B Labour Cost (per 1000kg)
Quotation by Sub-contractor = 400.00
2,165.00
C Profit and Overhead Allow 15% x 2,165.00 = 324.75
Cost / 1000Kg = 2,489.75
So, COST / KG = 2,489.75
1000
= 2.49
20 mm diameter high tensile steel reinforcement in straight and bent bars
in suspended roof beam - kg. EXAMPLE
Data: 3
Material prices (including delivery to site)
Reinforcement Bar RM 2,000.00 / tonne
Tying wire RM 3.00/ kg
Labour rates
Bar Bender RM 60.00 / day
Unskilled worker RM 45.00 / day
Labour output for cutting & bending every 1000 kg bar  
  Hour per 1 tonne of Bar  
Type of bar
6 - 8 mm dia. 10 -12 mm dia. 16 - 20 mm dia.
Straight and bent bar   40 30  20 
Link / stirrup bar   65 50  30 
Labour output for bar installation  
  Hour per 1 tonne of Bar Reinforcement  
Position
6-8 mm Dia. 10-12 mm Dia. 16-20 mm Dia.
Foundation & bed   40 30   25 
Floor slab & roof slab   50 40   30 
Wall,Column, beam & Staircase   70 50  35 
Link / stirrup bar   90 70  60 
Table of Tying wire for bar reinforcement Per kg        
Diameter of bar (mm) Tying wire for 1 tonne bar (kg)      
6 - 12 mm   10  
16 - 25 mm   6  
32 - 50 mm   5        
 ANSWER 3
A Material Cost (per 1000kg) RM
Bar reinforcement - 40 mm ø 2,000.00
Add: waste 5% x RM 2000.00 = 100.00
Tying wire 10 kg x RM 3.00 = 30.00
B Labour Cost (per 1000kg)
Cutting and bending
Bar bender 20 hr x RM 60.00 = 150.00
8
Fix/ Install
Bar bender 35 hr x RM 60.00 = 262.50
8  
2,542.50
Allo
20% x 508.5
C Profit and Overhead w 2,542.50 =
Cost / 1000Kg 3,051.00
So, COST / KG = 3,051.00 = 3.05
1000
EXAMPLE 5
100 mm Mortice lockset in aluminium alloy and fixed to
timber - No.

Data:
Material prices (including delivery to site)
Mortice lockset
RM 65.00 / set
including screw
Labour rates
Skilled RM 80.00 / day
Joiner hour 1.25 hr
Profit 18%
A Material Cost RM
Mortice lockset including screw = 65.00
B Labour Cost
Joiner for jointing & fixing lockset
Plumber = 1.25 hr/set x RM 80.00 = 12.50
8

RM 77.50
C Profit = 18% x RM 77.50 = 13.95
Cost for jointing & fixing LOCKSET / SET 91.45
 D.P.C
(brickwall)
EXAMPLE 1
225 mm wide horizontal d.p.c. of single course hessian
based bit. felt to B.S. 743 ref. A lapped 100mm at joints
bedded in c & s (1:3) mortar (measured net - no
allowance made for laps)- m
Data:
Material prices (including delivery to site)
225 mm wide DPC RM 6.90 / m2
Cement sand mortar (1:3) - 20 mm thick RM 117.00 / m3
Labour rates
Bricklayer RM 60.00 / day
Unskilled worker RM 35.00 / day
Scope of work:-
Labour Output:- Bricklayer Unskilled worker
Lay and install 0.04 hours / m3 0.04 hours / m3
Profit 22%
ANSWER
Material Cost Subtotal (RM)
225 mm wide DPC = 225 x RM 6.90 1.55
=
1000
Add: waste & lapping 5% x RM 1.55 = 0.08
20 mm thk cement sand
= 0.02 m RM 117.00 = 2.34
mortar (1:3)

Labour Cost
Supply, fix and laying
Bricklayer = 0.04 hr x RM 60.00 = 0.30
8
Unskilled worker = 0.04 hr x RM 35.00 = 0.18
8
4.44
Profit = 22% x RM 4.44 = 0.98
Total Cost for DPC / m = 5.42
example 2
113 mm wide horizonta l d.p.c. of s ingle cours e he s s ia n ba s e d bitume n fe lt,
la ppe d 100mm a t joints be dde d in C & S (1:1:6) morta r (me a s ure d ne t - no
a llowa nce ma de for la ps ) - m
Da ta :
Ma te ria l price s (including de live ry to s ite )
113 mm wide DPC RM 5.75 / m2
20 mm thick morta r
Ce me nt RM 10.00 / ba g
Sa nd RM 28.75 / m3
Lime RM 4.20 / pa cke t
La bour ra te s
Brickla ye r RM 65.00 / da y
Uns kille d worke r RM 40.00 / da y
Scope of work:-
La bour Output:- Brickla ye r Uns kille d worke r
Mixing morta r 2.25 hours / m3
La y a nd ins ta ll 0.02 hours / m 0.02 hours / m
Profit 20%
ANSWER
1.0 MORTAR COST RM
Material Cost
1 m3 cement = 28 Bag x RM 10.00 = 280.00
1 m3 Lime = 40 packet x RM 4.20 = 168.00
6 m3 sand = 6 m3 x RM 28.75 = 172.50
8 m3 620.50
ADD : Waste = 33.3% x RM 620.50 = 206.81
So, Cost of 8 m3 = 827.31
= RM 827.31
8
:. Cost of 1 m3 = 103.41

Labour Cost
Mixing of concrete
Unskilled worker 2.25 hours x RM 40.00 = 11.25
8
Cost of 1 m3 (1:1:6) mortar = 114.66
2.0 DPC COST
Material Cost Subtotal (RM)
113 mm wide DPC = 113 x RM 5.75 0.65
=
1000
Add: waste & lapping 5% x RM 0.65 = 0.03
20 mm thk cement sand
= 0.02 m RM 114.66 = 2.29
mortar (1:3)

Labour Cost
Supply, fix and laying
Bricklayer = 0.02 hr x RM 65.00 = 0.16
8
Unskilled worker = 0.02 hr x RM 40.00 = 0.10
8
3.24
Profit = 20% x RM 3.24 = 0.65
Total Cost for DPC / m = 3.89

Tota l Cos t for DPC / m = 3 .8 9