LINEAR

PROGRAMMING

PREPARED BY:
Ms. Fatima Perez
Linear Programming

It is a method of dealing with decision problems that can be

expressed as constrained linear models.
It is a mathematical technique for finding the best uses of
organization’s resources.
Linear Equation

A linear equation in two variables, x and y, is an equation that can

be written in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 where a, b, and c are constants.
Such equation is referred to as linear equation because its graph is a
line.
Linear Inequality

A linear inequality in two variables, x and y, is an

inequality that can be written in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 > 𝑐 (or
with instead of =). A linear inequality is the result of
replacing linear equation equal symbol with an inequality
symbol.
Optimization

Maximizing or minimizing a quantity

Objective Function

A function that mathematically describes the profit.

Constraints

The restrictions of the given problem.

Corner Principle

The maximum and the minimum values of the objective

function occur at the corner points of the region of possible
solutions if that region is bounded.
The Geometry of Linear Programming

Graphical Solution Method Theory of Linear Programming

• It is a two-dimensional geometric • It states that the optimal solution

analysis of linear programming will lie at a corner point of the
problems with two decision feasible region.
variables.
 Step 1 List the independent variables.

5 Steps in Solving List the constraints and translate them into linear
Linear Programming Step 2
inequality.
Problems
Set the objective function and translate it into
Step 3
linear equation.

Step 4 Graph the feasible region.

Find all the corner points and the z-value

Step 5
associated with these points.
 EXAMPLE 1

A craftsman produces two products: coffee tables and end tables. Production of one coffee table requires six hours of his labor,
and the materials cost him Php200. Production of one end table requires five hours of labor, and the materials cost him
Php100. The craftsman want to work no more than 40 hours each week, and his financial resources allow him to pay no more
than Php1,000 for materials each week. If he can sell as many tables as he can make and if his profit is Php240 per coffee table
and Php160 per end table, how many coffee tables and how many end tables should he make each week to maximize weekly
profit?

Step 1 List the independent variables.

Let x be the number of coffee tables made each week

Let y be the number of end tables made each week
 EXAMPLE 1

A craftsman produces two products: coffee tables and end tables. Production of one coffee table requires six hours of his labor,
and the materials cost him Php200. Production of one end table requires five hours of labor, and the materials cost him
Php100. The craftsman want to work no more than 40 hours each week, and his financial resources allow him to pay no more
than Php1,000 for materials each week. If he can sell as many tables as he can make and if his profit is Php240 per coffee table
and Php160 per end table, how many coffee tables and how many end tables should he make each week to maximize weekly
profit?

“A craftsman produces two products: coffee tables and end

List the constraints and translate them
tables. Production of one coffee table requires six hours of his Step 2
into linear inequality.
labor, and the materials cost him Php200.”

Production Cost
“Production of one end table requires five
Coffee Tables (x) 6 hours Php 200 hours of labor, and the materials cost him
Php100.”
End Tables (y) 5 hours Php 100
 EXAMPLE 1

A craftsman produces two products: coffee tables and end tables. Production of one coffee table requires six hours of his labor,
and the materials cost him Php200. Production of one end table requires five hours of labor, and the materials cost him
Php100. The craftsman want to work no more than 40 hours each week, and his financial resources allow him to pay no more
than Php1,000 for materials each week. If he can sell as many tables as he can make and if his profit is Php240 per coffee table
and Php160 per end table, how many coffee tables and how many end tables should he make each week to maximize weekly
profit?

“The craftsman want to work no more than 40 hours each week, and his
List the constraints and translate them
financial resources allow him to pay no more than Php1,000 for Step 2
into linear inequality.
materials each week.”

Production Cost

Coffee Tables (x) 6 hours Php 200

End Tables (y) 5 hours Php 100

Total per week No more than 40 hours No more than Php 1000
 EXAMPLE 1

A craftsman produces two products: coffee tables and end tables. Production of one coffee table requires six hours of his labor,
and the materials cost him Php200. Production of one end table requires five hours of labor, and the materials cost him
Php100. The craftsman want to work no more than 40 hours each week, and his financial resources allow him to pay no more
than Php1,000 for materials each week. If he can sell as many tables as he can make and if his profit is Php240 per coffee table
and Php160 per end table, how many coffee tables and how many end tables should he make each week to maximize weekly
profit?

“If he can sell as many tables as he can make and if his profit is Php240 per coffee List the constraints and translate them
Step 2
table and Php160 per end table, how many coffee tables and how many end tables into linear inequality.
should he make each week to maximize weekly profit?”

Production Cost Profit

Coffee Tables
(x) 6 hours Php 200 Php 240
End Tables
(y) 5 hours Php 100 Php 160
Total per
week No more than Php 1000
No more than 40 hours
z
 EXAMPLE 1

A craftsman produces two products: coffee tables and end tables. Production of one coffee table requires six hours of his labor,
and the materials cost him Php200. Production of one end table requires five hours of labor, and the materials cost him
Php100. The craftsman want to work no more than 40 hours each week, and his financial resources allow him to pay no more
than Php1,000 for materials each week. If he can sell as many tables as he can make and if his profit is Php240 per coffee table
and Php160 per end table, how many coffee tables and how many end tables should he make each week to maximize weekly
profit?

“If he can sell as many tables as he can make and if his profit is Php240 per coffee List the constraints and translate them
Step 2
table and Php160 per end table, how many coffee tables and how many end tables into linear inequality.
should he make each week to maximize weekly profit?”

For the production,

Production Cost Profit
Coffee Tables
(x) 6 hours Php 200 Php 240
 
𝟔 𝒙+𝟓 𝒚 ≤ 𝟒𝟎
For the cost of materials,
End Tables
(y)
Total per
5 hours Php 100 Php 160 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒙+𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒚≤𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
 

week No more than Php 1000

No more than 40 hours
z  
and
 EXAMPLE 1

A craftsman produces two products: coffee tables and end tables. Production of one coffee table requires six hours of his labor,
and the materials cost him Php200. Production of one end table requires five hours of labor, and the materials cost him
Php100. The craftsman want to work no more than 40 hours each week, and his financial resources allow him to pay no more
than Php1,000 for materials each week. If he can sell as many tables as he can make and if his profit is Php240 per coffee table
and Php160 per end table, how many coffee tables and how many end tables should he make each week to maximize weekly
profit?

Recall that the objective function is a function that mathematically describes the Set the objective function and translate
profit.
Step 3
it into linear equation.

Production Cost Profit

Coffee Tables
(x) Php 200 Php 240
End Tables
(y)
6 hours

5 hours Php 100 Php 160

𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒙+𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒚=𝒛
 

Total per
week No more than Php 1000
No more than 40 hours
z
 EXAMPLE 1

According to the Corner principle, the maximum and the minimum Step 4 Graph the feasible region.
values of an objective function occur at corner points of the region of
possible solutions if that region is bounded. To graph the feasible
region and to determine the corner points, we just use the Graphing
Calculator Application.

Graph the following constraints in Step 2:

The corner points of the feasible regions are

(0,0), (5,0), (0,8), and (2.5,5)
 EXAMPLE 1

Find all the corner points and the z-value associated

The last step is to substitute each of the corner points to the objective Step 5 with these points.
function to determine the maximum profit and how many coffee tables
and end tables must be made to reach that profit.

𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒙+𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒚=𝒛

 
(0,0), (5,0), (0,8), and (2.5,5)

For (0,0), For (0,8),

𝟐𝟒𝟎(𝟎)+𝟏𝟔𝟎(𝟎)=𝒛
  𝟐𝟒𝟎(𝟎)+𝟏𝟔𝟎(𝟖)=𝒛
 

  𝒛 =𝟎   𝒛 =𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟎
The maximum profit possible when
For (5,0), For (2.5,5), the craftsman makes 2.5 number of
Coffee tables and 5 end tables
𝟐𝟒𝟎(𝟓)+𝟏𝟔𝟎(𝟎)=𝒛
  𝟐𝟒𝟎(𝟐 . 𝟓)+𝟏𝟔𝟎(𝟓)= 𝒛
 
yielding to a profit of Php1400.
  𝒛 =𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎   𝒛 =𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎
 EXAMPLE 2

A local boutique produced two designs of gowns, Design A and Design B and has the following materials available: 18 square
meters of cotton, 20 square meters of silk, and 5 square meters of wool. Design A requires the following: 3 square meters of
cotton, 2 square meters of silk, and 1 square meter of wool. Design B requires the following: 2 square meters of cotton and 4
square meters of silk. If Design A sells for Php1200 and Design B for Php1600, how many of each designs should the boutique
produce to obtain a maximum amount of money?

Step 1 List the independent variables.

Let x be the number of Design A should the boutique must produce

Let y be the number of Design B should the boutique must produce
 EXAMPLE 2

A local boutique produced two designs of gowns, Design A and Design B and has the following materials available: 18 square
meters of cotton, 20 square meters of silk, and 5 square meters of wool. Design A requires the following: 3 square meters of
cotton, 2 square meters of silk, and 1 square meter of wool. Design B requires the following: 2 square meters of cotton and 4
square meters of silk. If Design A sells for Php1200 and Design B for Php1600, how many of each designs should the boutique
produce to obtain a maximum amount of money?

“Design A and Design B and has the following materials

List the constraints and translate them
available: 18 square meters of cotton, 20 square meters of silk, Step 2
into linear inequality.
and 5 square meters of wool.”

Cotton Silk Wool “Design A requires the following: 3 square meters

of cotton, 2 square meters of silk, and 1 square
Design A (x)
3 sq.m 2 sq.m 1 sq.m meter of wool. Design B requires the following: 2
square meters of cotton and 4 square meters of
Design B (y) 2 sq.m 4 sq.m 0 sq.m silk.”
Available
Materials 18 sq.m 20 sq.m 5 sq.m
 EXAMPLE 2

A local boutique produced two designs of gowns, Design A and Design B and has the following materials available: 18 square
meters of cotton, 20 square meters of silk, and 5 square meters of wool. Design A requires the following: 3 square meters of
cotton, 2 square meters of silk, and 1 square meter of wool. Design B requires the following: 2 square meters of cotton and 4
square meters of silk. If Design A sells for Php1200 and Design B for Php1600, how many of each designs should the boutique
produce to obtain a maximum amount of money?

List the constraints and translate them

“Design A sells for Php1200 and Design B for Php1600.” Step 2
into linear inequality.

Cotton Silk Wool Price

Design A (x) Php 1200

3 sq.m 2 sq.m 1 sq.m
Design B (y)
2 sq.m 4 sq.m 0 sq.m Php 1600
Available
Materials 18 sq.m 20 sq.m 5 sq.m z
 EXAMPLE 2

A local boutique produced two designs of gowns, Design A and Design B and has the following materials available: 18 square
meters of cotton, 20 square meters of silk, and 5 square meters of wool. Design A requires the following: 3 square meters of
cotton, 2 square meters of silk, and 1 square meter of wool. Design B requires the following: 2 square meters of cotton and 4
square meters of silk. If Design A sells for Php1200 and Design B for Php1600, how many of each designs should the boutique
produce to obtain a maximum amount of money?

List the constraints and translate them

“how many of each designs should the boutique produce to obtain a maximum Step 2
into linear inequality.
amount of money?”

For the cotton,

Cotton Silk Wool Price 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟖
 

For the silk,

Design A (x) Php 1200
Design B (y)
3 sq.m 2 sq.m

4 sq.m
1 sq.m
𝟐 𝒙 +𝟒 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐𝟎
 

For the wool,

2 sq.m 0 sq.m Php 1600
Available
Materials 18 sq.m 20 sq.m 5 sq.m z
𝒙≤𝟓  

 
and
 EXAMPLE 2

A local boutique produced two designs of gowns, Design A and Design B and has the following materials available: 18 square
meters of cotton, 20 square meters of silk, and 5 square meters of wool. Design A requires the following: 3 square meters of
cotton, 2 square meters of silk, and 1 square meter of wool. Design B requires the following: 2 square meters of cotton and 4
square meters of silk. If Design A sells for Php1200 and Design B for Php1600, how many of each designs should the boutique
produce to obtain a maximum amount of money?

Since our objective here is to determine the number of Design A (x) and Design B
(y) to find out the maximum amount of money in selling these designs in the price Set the objective function and translate
of Php1200 for each Design A and Php1600 for each Design B, our objective
Step 3
it into linear equation.
function must be,

Cotton Silk Wool Price

Design A (x) Php 1200

3 sq.m 2 sq.m 1 sq.m
Design B (y)
2 sq.m 4 sq.m 0 sq.m Php 1600 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒙+𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒚=𝒛
 

Available
Materials 18 sq.m 20 sq.m 5 sq.m z
 EXAMPLE 2

Step 4 Graph the feasible region.

Graph the following constraints in Step 2:

There are 5 corner points

(0,0), (5,0), (0,5), (4,3), and (5,1.5)
 EXAMPLE 2

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒙+𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒚=𝒛

  Find all the corner points and the z-value associated
Step 5 with these points.

(0,0), (5,0), (0,5), (4,3), and (5,1.5)

For (0,0), For (0,5), For (4,3),

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟎)+𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟎)=𝒛
  𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟎)+𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟓)=𝒛
  𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟒)+𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 (𝟑)=𝒛
 

  𝒛= 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟎   𝒛= 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎   𝒛= 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟎

For (5,0), For (5,1.5), The maximum amount of money
that a boutique can obtain is
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟓)+𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟎)=𝒛
  𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟓)+𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎(𝟏.
  𝟓)=𝒛 Php9600 by making 4 Design A and
  𝒛= 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎   𝒛= 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟖𝟒𝟎𝟎 3 Design B.
 EXAMPLE 3

A vegetable farmer in Rizal ships at most 900 baskets of vegetables on a freight truck daily to a certain Quezon City Public
Market. He must ship at least 550 baskets of lettuce and at most 200 baskets of celery. Furthermore, his profits are Php200 per
basket of lettuce and Php225 per basket of celery. How many number of baskets of lettuce and celery he should be loading the
freight truck in order to maximize his profit?

Step 1 List the independent variables.

Let x be the number of baskets of lettuce should the vegetable farmer must load in the freight
truck.

Let y be the number of baskets of celery should the vegetable farmer must load in the freight
truck
 EXAMPLE 3

A vegetable farmer in Rizal ships at most 900 baskets of vegetables on a freight truck daily to a certain Quezon City Public
Market. He must ship at least 550 baskets of lettuce and at most 200 baskets of celery. Furthermore, his profits are Php200 per
basket of lettuce and Php225 per basket of celery. How many number of baskets of lettuce and celery he should be loading the
freight truck in order to maximize his profit?

“A vegetable farmer in Rizal ships at most 900 baskets of

List the constraints and translate them
vegetables on a freight truck daily to a certain Quezon City Step 2
into linear inequality.
Public Market.”

No. of baskets of
vegetables
No. of baskets of lettuce (x) “He must ship at least 550 baskets of lettuce
At least 550 baskets
and at most 200 baskets of celery.”
No. of baskets of celery (y) At most 200 baskets

Total no. of baskets At most 900 baskets

 EXAMPLE 3

A vegetable farmer in Rizal ships at most 900 baskets of vegetables on a freight truck daily to a certain Quezon City Public
Market. He must ship at least 550 baskets of lettuce and at most 200 baskets of celery. Furthermore, his profits are Php200 per
basket of lettuce and Php225 per basket of celery. How many number of baskets of lettuce and celery he should be loading the
freight truck in order to maximize his profit?

“Furthermore, his profits are Php200 per basket of lettuce and Php225 List the constraints and translate them
Step 2
per basket of celery.” into linear inequality.

No. of baskets of
Profit
vegetables
No. of baskets of lettuce (x) At least 550 baskets Php 200

No. of baskets of celery (y) At most 200 baskets Php 225

Total no. of baskets At most 900 baskets z

 EXAMPLE 3

A vegetable farmer in Rizal ships at most 900 baskets of vegetables on a freight truck daily to a certain Quezon City Public
Market. He must ship at least 550 baskets of lettuce and at most 200 baskets of celery. Furthermore, his profits are Php200 per
basket of lettuce and Php225 per basket of celery. How many number of baskets of lettuce and celery he should be loading the
freight truck in order to maximize his profit?

List the constraints and translate them

“How many number of baskets of lettuce and celery he should be loading the Step 2
into linear inequality.
freight truck in order to maximize his profit?”

For the no. of baskets of lettuce,

No. of baskets of
Profit  
vegetables
No. of baskets of lettuce (x) At least 550 baskets Php 200 For the no.of baskets of celery,

No. of baskets of celery (y) At most 200 baskets  

Php 225

Total no. of baskets At most 900 baskets z For the total no. of baskets,
 
 EXAMPLE 3

A vegetable farmer in Rizal ships at most 900 baskets of vegetables on a freight truck daily to a certain Quezon City Public
Market. He must ship at least 550 baskets of lettuce and at most 200 baskets of celery. Furthermore, his profits are Php200 per
basket of lettuce and Php225 per basket of celery. How many number of baskets of lettuce and celery he should be loading the
freight truck in order to maximize his profit?

Recall that the objective function is a function that mathematically describes the Set the objective function and translate
profit.
Step 3
it into linear equation.

No. of baskets of
Profit
vegetables
No. of baskets of lettuce (x) At least 550 baskets Php 200

No. of baskets of celery (y) At most 200 baskets Php 225

𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒙+𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒚= 𝒛
 

Total no. of baskets At most 900 baskets z

 EXAMPLE 3

Graph the following constraints in Step 2: Step 4 Graph the feasible region.

𝒙≥𝟓𝟓𝟎
 

There are 4 corner points

(550,0), (900,0), (700,200), and (550,200)
 EXAMPLE 3

Find all the corner points and the z-value associated

The last step is to substitute each of the corner points to the objective Step 5 with these points.
function.

𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒙+𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝒚= 𝒛
 
(550,0), (900,0), (700,200), and (550,200)

For (550,0), For (900,0),

𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟓𝟓𝟎)+𝟐𝟐𝟓(𝟎)=𝒛
  𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟗𝟎𝟎)+𝟐𝟐𝟓(𝟎)=𝒛
 

  𝒛=𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟏𝟏𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎   𝒛=𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟏𝟖𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎

The vegetable farmer needs to ship
For (700,200), For (550,200), 700 baskets of lettuce and 200
baskets of celery in order to reach
𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟕𝟎𝟎)+𝟐𝟐𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟎)=𝒛
  𝟐𝟎𝟎(𝟓𝟓𝟎)+𝟐𝟐𝟓(𝟐𝟎𝟎)=𝒛
 
the maximum profit of Php185,000.
  𝒛=𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟏𝟖𝟓 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎   𝒛=𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟏𝟓𝟓 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎