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Organic Chemistry: Prepared By: Kahlil Kaimo F. Magsino Submitted To: Mrs. Maria Elizabeth D. Oabel

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds and their structures, properties, and reactions. It is critical to the study of life processes and many occupations require an understanding of organic chemistry. Key areas of organic chemistry include the study of alkenes, which are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes serve many purposes in manufacturing and are synthesized through elimination and cracking reactions. Common reactions of alkenes include hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration, and polymerization.

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Kahlil Kaimo Magsino
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25 views

Organic Chemistry: Prepared By: Kahlil Kaimo F. Magsino Submitted To: Mrs. Maria Elizabeth D. Oabel

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds and their structures, properties, and reactions. It is critical to the study of life processes and many occupations require an understanding of organic chemistry. Key areas of organic chemistry include the study of alkenes, which are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes serve many purposes in manufacturing and are synthesized through elimination and cracking reactions. Common reactions of alkenes include hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration, and polymerization.

Uploaded by

Kahlil Kaimo Magsino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY
Prepared by : Kahlil Kaimo F. Magsino
Submitted to : Mrs. Maria Elizabeth D. Oabel
Definition of Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry is the study of carbon containing
molecules’ structure, characteristics, content, reactions
and manufacture. While the majority of organic
compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, they may also
contain a variety of additional elements.
Organic Chemistry is critical since it is the study of life
and all chemical events that occur during it. Numerous
occupations, including those of physicians, veterinarians,
dentists, pharmacologists, chemical engineers, and
chemist , require a grasp of organic chemistry. Organic
Chemistry is involved in the manufacture of many
common home chemicals, foods, polymers,
pharmaceuticals and fuels.
Organic Chemistry
• Organic chemistry is subfield of chemistry that takes its
name from the fact that in the 19th century , the majority
of know carbon compounds were believed to have
originated in living organisms.

The majority of products we use are based on organic


chemistry. Organic compounds are found in our
computer, furniture, home, vehicle, food and body.
Every living things that we come into contact with is
organic. Organic matter is frequently found in organic
materials such as rocks, air , metals, and water.
History of Organic
Chemistry
• Friedrich Wohler was a chemist
who isolated pure aluminum.
Some regard him to be the
founder of organic chemistry
because of his demonstration that
non-living mineral ammonium
cyanate was capable of being
transformed into a chemical found
in living organisms.
History of Organic
Chemistry
• Jon Jacob Berzelius , born in August 20 1779 ,
one of the founders of modern chemistry.
During his time as a professor of medicine and
pharmacy at the Karonlinska Institute from
1807 until 1832, Berzelius studied at Uppsala
University. He classified chemical compounds
into two broad categories : organic compounds,
which originated in living or previously living
matter, and inorganic compounds, which
originated in mineral or non-living matter.
Alkenes
• Alkenes are a class of
unsaturated hydrocarbons.
They contain at least one
carbon to carbon double
bond. Olefins is another term
for alkenes. Due to the
presence of the double bond,
alkenes are more reactive
than alkanes. containing only
single carbon.
WHAT PURPOSE DO ALKENES SERVE?

• Alkenes have a wide variety of uses in manufacturing. They are used as starting
materials in the synthesis of alcohols, plastics, lacquers, detergents, and fuels. The
most important alkenes in the chemical industry are ethene, propene and 1-3
butadiene.

What’s the structure of Alkenes?


• Alkenes are hydrocarbons. This means that they're comprised of a chain of carbon
atoms bonded together, with each carbon atom bonded to hydrogen atoms to make
a total of four bonds per carbon. What differentiates alkenes from the standard
family of hydrocarbons, alkanes, is that they contain one or more carbon-carbon
double bonds.
HOW ALKENES FORMED?
• Alkenes are typically synthesized via elimination reactions, in which two atoms from
adjacent carbon atoms are removed, resulting in the formation of a double bond.
Alcohols are dehydrated, alkyl halides are dehydrohalogenated, and alkenes are
dehalogenated.
• HOW ARE ALKENES MADE?

Alkenes can be synthesized from a number of different chemical compounds, such as


haloalkanes. However, the most common way to obtain them is through fractional
distillation. In this process, natural gas or oil is heated to extremely high temperatures.
This causes the splitting, or fractioning, of the oil into its constituent components,
based on their boiling points. These fractions are then collected and, through a process
called cracking, split into a mixture of alkenes and alkanes. Burning oil and natural
gas releases greenhouse gases, which are destructive to the environment, but despite
this fractional distillation is still the most convenient way to obtain alkenes.
What are some uses of Alkenes?

• Alkenes are a very valuable class of chemical compounds. They can be utilized in
the synthesis of a wide variety of more complex compounds, such as industrial-
grade chemicals and medications, according to science. They can be used to create
alcohols and a variety of plastics, including polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride
(PVC). Alkenes are also found in a number of significant natural compounds,
including vitamin A and natural rubber. Even the simplest alkene, ethene, plays a
critical function in fruit ripening.
COMMON REACTION OF ALKENES

• There are hundreds of organic chemistry reactions, and many of the most
frequently performed in laboratories throughout the world involve alkenes. Alkenes
are very reactive due to their double covalent bond. This means that alkenes are
frequently subjected to addition reactions, in which the pi bond is broken and two
more atoms are added to the molecule.

HERE ARE SOME OF REACTIONS

1. Hydrogenation of Alkenes
2. Halogenation of Alkenes
3. Hydration of Alkenes
4. Polymerisation of Alkenes
5. Ozonolysis
Summary

• Alkenes are an important class of molecules in organic chemistry. Their structure


is defined by a reactive carbon-carbon double bond; they have the general formula
CnH2n; they have numerous applications in nature as well as industrial and
laboratory settings; and some of their most common reactions include
hydrogenation (alkene to alkane), halogenation (alkene to haloalkane), hydration
(alkene to alcohol), polymerisation, and ozonolysis.
Summary

• Alkenes are a homologous group of hydrocarbons that include a double bond


between carbon and carbon. Alkenes are unsaturated, containing a double bond.
This connection is what gives alkenes their greater reactivity over alkanes.

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