Group 5:

Frequency Distrubtion
and Graphs
 5.1 Basic Graph 5.1.1 Constructing
Frequency Distribution
Terminologies

5.1.2 Histrogram

1.3 Frequency Polygon

5.1.4 OGIVE
A graph is a collection nodes also called vertices
which are connected between one another. Each
connection between two vertices is called an edge.

Graphs consists of:

Set A (V,E) pairs
What is
Vertices represents ass circle also known as nodes.
Graph?
Edge represents as lines.

Connecting two vertices/nodes.

 Terminologies

• Node
A point of connection/
intersection. A point which line or
pathway intersects.
 Terminologies

2. Egde
A line joining a pair of nodes.
 Terminologies

3. Adjacent
Nodes Any two nodes by an edge or any
two edges connected by a node.
 Terminologies

4, Degree of
Node
The number of edges connected to
the node.
 Terminologies

5. Size of the
Graph The total number of edges i
graph.
 Terminologies

6. Path
The sequence of vertices from
source node to destination node.
 Classes of Graph Complete Graph

Regular Graph A directed graph in which every pair of

distict vertices is connected by a unique
A graph id called a regular graph if degree
edges.
of each vertex is equal. A graph is called K
regular if degree of each vertex in the graph
is K. a b
a d

c d
b c
 Classes of Graph Planar Graph

Connected Graph A graph that can be drawn without any

crossing edges.
Connected omponent is the maximal connected
subgraph of an uconnected graph.
 Classes of Graph Bapartite Graph

A graph in which a set of graph vertices can

Tree Graph be divided into two independent sets, and
no two vertices within the same set are
adjacent. In other words, Bipartite can be
Connected graph with no cycle. considered as equal to two colorable graph
and is also known as bigraph.
 Tyepes of Graphs Undirected

Undirected graph is when edges has no

Directed Graph direction.

A directed graph is when edges have a

direction.
 Types of Graph Cyclic Graph

Is a directed graph that contains a path

Mixed Graph from atleast one node back itself. In simple
terms, Cyclic graph contains a cycle.

A mixed graph is a graph with edges and

arcs, which can be considered as a hybrid
of an undirected and directed graph.
Frequency Distribution
A frequency distribution is a representation, either in a
graphical or tabular format that displays the number of
observations within a given interval. The interval size
depends on the data being analyzed and the goals of the
analyst. The intervals must be mutually exclusive and
exhaustive. Frequency distributions are typically used
within a statistical context. Generally, frequency
distribution can be associated with the charting of a
normal distribution.
 Frequency Distribution
Step 1: Calculate the range of the data set
The range is the difference between the largest value and the smallest
value. We need this to figure out how much “space” we need to divide
into groups.

Step 2: Divide the range by the number of groups you want and
then round up
Constructing Frequency Doing this allows us to figure out how large each group is. It’s as if we
are going to cut a board into equal pieces. In step 1, we measured how
Distribution long the board is and now we are deciding how big each piece will be.
 Frequency Distribution

Step 3: Use the class width to create your groups

Start at the smallest number you have, for example, 12, and count by 9
until you have the 6 groups needed for a full table. For example, your
first group will be 12 to 21 since 12+9=21. My next group will be 21-
30 since 21+9=30… and so on. Put these in a table and label them
Constructing Frequency “classes”.

Distribution
 Frequency Distribution

Step 4: Find the frequency for each group

We are going to count how many points are in each group. Let’s start
with our first group: 12 – 21. You need to count how many points are
between 12 and 21, but not including 21. You would see the overlap
between the groups, that’s to account for decimals and we keep it even
Constructing Frequency when we don’t have any. The right hand endpoint of any group isn’t
included in that group. It goes in the next group. That means 21 would
Distribution be in the second group and any 30 we have would be counted in the
third group.
 Histogram

A histogram is a bar-like representation of data that buckets a range of outcomes into

columns along x-axis. The y-axis represents the number count or percentage of
occurrences in the data for each column and can be used to visualize data distributions.
 Histogram

In math, histgram is a visual way to display frequency dat using bars. A feature of histograms is
that they show the frequency of continuous data, such as the nuber of trees at various height
sfrom 3 feet to 8 feet.They are not used to show categorial data, such as the population of dogs in
Norway, Finland, and Sweden. An another feature of histograms is that the data can be grouped
into ranges, for example, the height of the trees can be groued into 3 to 4 feet, 5 to 6 feet, and 7 to
8 feet.
 Frequency Polygon

• A frequency polygon is a visual representation of a distribution. The

visualization tool is used to understand the shape of a distribution.
Essentially, the frequency polygon indicates the number of occurrences
for each distinct class in the dataset.

• The frequency polygon is a curve that is drawn on the x-axis and the y-
axis.
 Use the income distribution
Income Frequency Midpoint below to construct a frequency
of polygon using an interval
width of 20k starting from 20k.
20k-40k 5
40k-60k 4 30k
60k-80k 4
Income:
32k, 46k, 85k, 25k, 93k, 63k,
80k-100k 52k, 39k, 75k, 59k, 81k, 98k,
5 50k 26k, 115k, 43k, 25k, 69k,
108k, 88k, 71k.
100k-120k 2
70k
Frequency Polygon
 Frequency distribution finding the class width.

Construct frequency distribution table using the score of grade7 students in 30 item
summative assessment in mathematics.
Scores of 30 students:

1.)Determine the range;

Range=Highest score - Lowest score

=28 – 8
=20
2.)Determine the class interval(i)
#of i= 6
3.)Determine the size of the intervals

Length i = 〖 R/(# of CI) 〗 ^= 20/6 = 3.33 or 4

 An OGIVE graph serves as a graphical
representation of the cumulative
relative frequency distribution for
quantitative variables. In other words,
these graphs plot the percentile on the
y-axis and the quantitative variable on
OGIVE
x-axis.

It is a live graph where the bases are

the class boundaries and the height
are <cf (less than OGIVE) and >cf
(greater than OGIVE).
 Less Than OGIVE

Plot the points with the upper limits of

the class as abscissae and the
corresponding less than cumulative
frequencies as ordinates. The points Two Types of
are joined by freehand smooth curve
to give less than cumulative frequency OGIVE
curve or the less than OGIVE. It is a
rising curve.
 Greater Than OGIVE

Plot the points with the lower limits of

the classes or abscissa and the
corresponding greater than cumulative
frequencies or ordinates. Joints the Two Types of
points by a freehand smooth curve to
the "more the OGIVE". It is a falling OGIVE
curve.
 Leader:

Thank Rutchell R. Ybañez

you for
listening
Nita Cabo Angel Songsong

! Joneilyn Barandino