Scribd
Upload
345 views

Aircraft Hydraulic Systems: National Aviation College by Biruck Abraham

The document summarizes aircraft hydraulic systems. It describes how hydraulic systems use fluid under pressure to operate components like the landing gear, brakes, and flight controls. It explains key concepts like Pascal's law, hydrostatic paradox, and Bernoulli's principle. It also outlines the basic components of hydraulic systems, including reservoirs, pumps, valves, accumulators, and actuators. Hydraulic systems provide mechanical advantage to transmit large forces over long distances using an incompressible fluid.

Uploaded by

Zelalem Birahun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
345 views

Aircraft Hydraulic Systems: National Aviation College by Biruck Abraham

The document summarizes aircraft hydraulic systems. It describes how hydraulic systems use fluid under pressure to operate components like the landing gear, brakes, and flight controls. It explains key concepts like Pascal's law, hydrostatic paradox, and Bernoulli's principle. It also outlines the basic components of hydraulic systems, including reservoirs, pumps, valves, accumulators, and actuators. Hydraulic systems provide mechanical advantage to transmit large forces over long distances using an incompressible fluid.

Uploaded by

Zelalem Birahun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 51

Aircraft

Hydraulic
Systems
NATIONAL AVIATION COLLEGE
BY BIRUCK ABRAHAM
Basic Hydraulic Systems
Overview
Cylinder
Relief Motion
Valve
Control
Valve
Cylinder

Pump

Filter

Tank Cooler
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 The Average modern aircraft utilizes hydraulic


systems to operate several systems.

 Landing gear
 Wing flaps
 Speed and wheel brakes
 Flight controls
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Pascal’s Law
 Pressure exerted on a fluid in an enclosed container is
transmitted equally and undiminished to all parts of the
container and acts as right angles to the enclosing walls.
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Hydrostatic Paradox
 The pressure exerted by a column of liquid is determined by
the height of the column and is independent of its volume.
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Neither the shape nor the volume of a


container affects the pressure. Only the height
of the column does this.
Changes In Velocity and Pressure
(Bernoulli)

 When a fluid or gas is supplied at a constant


flow rate through a duct, the sum of the
pressure energy and velocity energy is constant.

 If pressure increases, velocity decreases


proportionally or, if pressure decreases,
velocity increases proportionally.

 Kinetic Energy = Velocity (Ram Pressure)


 Potential Energy = Pressure (Static Pressure)
Changes In Velocity and Pressure
(Bernoulli)
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Relationship Between Pressure, Force, And


Area

 Pressure is a measure of the amount of force that acts on a


unit of area.

 Pressure is measured in pounds per square inch (psi).

 Force = Pressure x Area


Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Relationship Between Pressure, Force, And


Area
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Relationship Between Area, Distance, And


Volume

 The area of the piston, the distance it moves, and the volume
of the fluid displaced.

 Volume = Area x Distance


Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Relationship Between Area, Distance, And


Volume
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Mechanical Advantage In A Hydraulic System

 Two major advantages

 Ease with which force can be transmitted


over large distances and into sealed
compartments.

 Large gain in mechanical advantage


made possible by varying the size of
pistons.
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems
 Mechanical Advantage In A Hydraulic System
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 Mechanical Advantage In A Hydraulic System

 If a large amount of movement is need but only a small


amount of force we can use a large piston to drive a smaller
one.

 The fluid moved by the large piston will enter the cylinder
with the small piston and move it a distance equal to the
volume of fluid divided by the area of the small piston.
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems

 All hydraulic systems are essentially the same,


whatever their function.

 Regardless of application, each hydraulic


system has a minimum number of components,
and some type of hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic Fluid

 The fluid used in aircraft hydraulic systems is


one of the system’s most important parts.

 The fluid must flow with a minimum of opposition.


 Must be incompressible
 Good lubricating properties
 Inhibit corrosion and not attack seals
 Must not foam in operation
Hydraulic Fluid

 Some characteristics that must be considered.

 Viscosity
 Chemical Stability
 Flash Point
 Fire Point
Hydraulic Fluid

 Viscosity is the internal resistance to flow.

 Gasoline flows easily (has a low viscosity)


 Tar flows slowly (has a high viscosity)

 A satisfactory liquid for a hydraulic system must


have enough body t give a good seal at pumps,
valves and pistons; but it must not be so thick that
it offers excessive resistance to flow.

 The average hydraulic liquid has a low viscosity.


Hydraulic Fluid

 Chemical Stability is the ability of the liquid to


resist oxidation and deterioration for long
periods.

 Excessive temperatures have a great effect on the life of a


liquid.

 Liquids may break down if exposed to air, water, salt, or


other impurities.
Hydraulic Fluid

 Flash Point is the temperature at which a


liquid gives off vapor in sufficient quantity to
ignite momentarily when a flame is applied.

 High flash point is desirable for hydraulic fluids.


Hydraulic Fluid

 Fire Point is the temperature at which a


substance gives off vapor in sufficient quantity
to ignite and continue to burn when exposed to
a spark or flame.

 High fire point is required of desirable hydraulic fluids.


Types Of Hydraulic Fluid

 Vegetable-base

 Mineral-base

 Synthetic Fluid
Types Of Hydraulic Fluid

 Mineral-base Fluid
 MIL-H-5606 is the most widely used hydraulic fluid in
general aviation aircraft.

 Kerosene-type petroleum product.

 Dyed red for identification


Types Of Hydraulic Fluid

 Synthetic Fluid

 Non-petroleum base hydraulic fluid for use in high


performance piston engine and turbine powered aircraft.

 Most commonly used fluid of this type is Skydrol

 Colored light purple.


Basic Hydraulic Systems
 Open Hydraulic System
Basic Hydraulic Systems

 Closed Hydraulic Systems


Basic Hydraulic Systems

 More modern brake system


Basic Hydraulic Systems
Power-pack Hydraulic System
Basic Hydraulic Systems

 System Components

 Reservoirs
 Pumps
 Selector Valves
 Check Valves
 Hydraulic Fuses
 Accumulators
 Actuators
System Components

 Reservoirs

 In an in-line reservoir, space is provided in the reservoir for


fluid expansion and the escape of entrapped air.

 Jet aircraft that operate at altitudes where there is not enough


air pressure to assure a positive feed of fluid to the pump have
hydraulic reservoirs pressurized.
System Components

 Hydraulic reservoir pressurized by hydraulic


system pressure.
System Components

 Pumps

 Powered Pumps

 Constant displacement moves a specific


volume of fluid each time its shaft turns.

 Variable displacement does not move a


constant amount of fluid each revolution,
but only the amount the system will
accept.
System Components

 Constant Displacement Pumps

 Gear Pump

 Gerotor Pump

 Vane Pump
System Components

 Gear Pump

 Medium volume of fluid


under pressure.
System Components
 Gerotor Pump
System Components

 Vane Pump

 Moves a large
volume of fluid
under low pressure
System Components

 Valves

 Selector valve
 Sequence valve
 Priority valve
 Pressure Control valves
Plug-Type Selector Valve

 Low pressure
systems
Popper-Type Selector
Sequence Valves
Priority Valves
Hydraulic Fuses
System Components

 Accumulators

 All accumulators consist of a high strength container divided


by some form of movable partition into toe sections, or
compartments.

 One compartments connected to the hydraulic pressure


manifold, and the other is filled with compressed air or with
nitrogen.
System Components

 Accumulators
System Components

 Actuators

 Single-Acting Linear

 Double-Acting Unbalanced Linear

 Double-Acting Balanced Linear


System Components

 Single-Acting Linear (Brakes)


System Components

 Double-Acting Unbalanced Linear (Landing


Gear)
System Components

 Double-Acting Balanced Linear (Flight


Controls)

You might also like