Cardiac Arrest &

Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation
KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES:
After completing this module, participants will be able to:
1. Describe cardiac arrest.
2. Enumerate the three conditions of cardiac arrest.
3. Enumerate the criteria for not starting CPR and when to STOP
CPR.
SKILLS OBJECTIVE:
After completing this module, participants will be able to:
1. Demonstrate how to provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to
an adult, child & infant who have cardiac arrest.

TR 5-1
Cardiac Arrest
• Circulation
ceases and vital
organs are
deprived of
oxygen
 Cardiac Arrest
• Circulation ceases and
vital organs are deprived
of oxygen
 3 Conditions of Cardiac Arrest
1. Cardiovascular Collapse. The
heart is still beating but its action is
so weak that blood is not being
circulated through the vascular
system to the brain body tissues
 3 Conditions of Cardiac Arrest
2. Ventricular Fibrillation. Occurs
when the individual fascicles of the
heart beat independently rather than
the coordinated, synchronized
manner that produce rhythmic heart
beat.
Ventricular Fibrillation
Normal Sinus Rhythm

Ventricular Fibrillation
 3 Conditions of Cardiac Arrest
3. Cardiac Standstill. It means that
the heart has stopped beating.
 CPR – Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation
This is a combination of external
chest compressions and rescue
breathing. This must be combined
for effective resuscitation of the
victim of cardiac arrest.
 Compression only CPR
Chest compression only – CPR is
recommended only in the following
circumstances:
1. Unwilling or unable to perform
mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing, or
2. Dispatcher-assisted CPR
instructions
Cough CPR
Self initiated CPR
 Criteria for not starting CPR

 DNR order
 Signs or irreversible death
 No physiologic benefits
 When to stop CPR
Spontaneous signs of circulation

Turned over to medical services

Operator is exhausted

Physicians assumes responsibility

Scene becomes unsafe

 Comparison of CPR for
Adult, Child and Infant

Compression Area
Adult Child Infant
Simplified approach Simplified approach 1 finger below the
– Center of chest in – Center of chest in imaginary nipple
between imaginary between imaginary line
nipple line nipple line
Center of the
chest in
between
imaginary
nipple line
1 finger
below the
imaginary
nipple line
 Comparison of CPR for
Adult, Child and Infant

Depth
Adult Child Infant
Approximately 1 ½ Approximately 1 to Approximately ½ to
to 2 inches 1 ½ inches 1 inch
 Comparison of CPR for
Adult, Child and Infant

How to Compress
Adult Child Infant
Heel of 1 hand, Heel of 1 hand, 2 fingers (middle
other hand on top other hand on top. and ring fingertips)
Or heel of 1 hand
 Comparison of CPR for
Adult, Child and Infant

Compression-Ventilation Ratio
Adult Child Infant
30:2 for 1 or 2 30:2 for 1 rescuer or 15:2 for 2 rescuers
rescuers
 Comparison of CPR for
Adult, Child and Infant

Number of Cycles
Adult Child Infant
5 cycles for 1 or 2 5 cycles for 1 rescuers or 10 cycles at 2
rescuers rescuers
 Comparison of CPR for
Adult, Child and Infant

Counting
Adult Child Infant
1-20 then 1-9 and ONE (first cycle) then BB…
1-20 then 1-9 and TWO (second cycle) then BB…
1-20 then 1-9 and THREE (third cycle) then BB…
1-20 then 1-9 and FOUR (fourth cycle) then BB…
1-20 then 1-9 and FIVE (fifth cycle) then BB…

Note: Do this for 2 minutes

 Adult CPR

Check responsiveness by tapping the victim

and asking “Are you ok”? If unresponsive, roll
the victim onto his or her back. Have someone
call for help or retrieve an Automated External
Defibrillator (AED) if available.
 Adult CPR

1 Open the airway using the head tilt chin lift method.
Check for obstruction
 Adult CPR

2 Check for breathing for 5-10 seconds by looking for

the chest rise and fall and listening and feeling for
normal breathing (LLF)
 Adult CPR

3 Give 2 rescue breaths (1 second each), making the

chest rise. Retilt the head if the first breath does not
make the chest rise.
 Adult CPR

4 Perform CPR – 30:2 for 2 minutes

 Locate Hand position for Chest
Compressions
1. Run finger from rib cage to reach the external notch
2. Place index finger next to center finger
3. Place heel of the hand next to the index finger

Step 1 Step Step 3

2
 Perform Chest Compression
1. Place the other hand on top of the hand on the sternum &
interlock the fingers
2. Straighten both elbows and lock in position
3. Position shoulder directly over the casualty’s chest
4. Use body weight to compress chest

• Ratio of CPR is 30
compression plus 2
ventilation
• Compression rate @
100/min
•
 Adult CPR

After 2 minutes of CPR:

 Recheck pulse and normal breathing (HCP)
 Recheck for signs of life such as coughing,
movement, consciousness, breathing normally
(Lay)
 Continue CPR until an S.T.O.P.S.
 Recovery Position

Final Recovery Position

• Head (cheek) lie on the

back of his palm

• Other hand lying free along

side of body

• The former far leg should

be bent at 90 degree

Adult CPR Video

 Child CPR

1 2

3 4
 Child CPR

After 2 minutes of CPR:

 Recheck pulse and presence or absence of
breathing (HCP)
 Recheck for signs of life such as coughing,
movement, consciousness, breathing (Lay)
 Continue CPR until - S.T.O.P.S.
 Infant CPR

1 2

3 4
 Infant CPR

After 2 minutes of CPR:

 Recheck pulse and presence or absence of
breathing (HCP)
 Recheck for signs of life such as coughing,
movement, consciousness, breathing (Lay)
 Continue CPR until - S.T.O.P.S.
 Recovery Position
 RESCUE BREATHING

ADULT (24 CYCLES)

B, 1, 1002, 1003, 1001
B, 1, 1002, 1003, 1002
B, 1, 1002, 1003, 1003
B, 1, 1002, 1003, 1004
B, 1, 1002, 1003, 1005 UP TO
B, 1, 1002, 1003, 1024, B
 RESCUE BREATHING

CHILD/INFANT (40 CYCLES)

B, 1, 1001
B, 1, 1002
B, 1, 1003
B, 1, 1004
B, 1, 1005 UP TO
B, 1, 1040, B