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Digital Logic Design: Credit Hours: 4

This document provides information about a digital logic design course, including the instructor details, recommended textbooks, marks distribution, course outline, objectives, topics, and introductory concepts. The course aims to provide coverage of classical hardware design for combinational and sequential logic circuits. Key topics include digital and analog quantities, binary digits, logic levels and waveforms, basic logic operations, and logic gates.

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Malik Zohaib
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views

Digital Logic Design: Credit Hours: 4

This document provides information about a digital logic design course, including the instructor details, recommended textbooks, marks distribution, course outline, objectives, topics, and introductory concepts. The course aims to provide coverage of classical hardware design for combinational and sequential logic circuits. Key topics include digital and analog quantities, binary digits, logic levels and waveforms, basic logic operations, and logic gates.

Uploaded by

Malik Zohaib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Logic Design

Credit Hours: 4
Instructor Introduction
• Mr. Shahbaz Hassan (Lecturer)

• Contact: [email protected]

• Office # : 212 A- Block

• Contact Hours: Monday : 9 to 12


Recommended Books

• Digital Fundamentals by T.L. Floyed (10th Edition)

• Digital Design by M. Morris Mano

• Fundamentals of Logic Design by Charles


Marks Distribution
• Quizzes 15 Marks
• Assignments 10 Marks
• Lab Work 20 Marks

• Mid Term Exam 25 Marks


• Final Term Exam 30 Marks

This is tentative distribution, flexible enough to be changed


Course Outline
• Uploaded on VLE.
Course Objective
• This course provides the necessary information to the students
for in depth study of computer architecture and organization.

• It provides the coverage of classical hardware design for both


combinational and sequential logic circuits.

• The course introduces the logic operators and gates to lay the
framework for strengthening the understanding of computer
building blocks.

• Combinational and sequential circuits are studied along with


their constituent elements comprising adders, multiplexers and
encoders. Also including flip-flop, latches and registers.
Introductory Concepts
Lecture Objectives
• Explain the basic difference between digital and analog
quantities

• Show how voltage levels are used to represent digital


quantities

• Explain the basic logic operations of NOT, AND,OR.

• Explain different types of logic functions and their application

• Identify pin numbers on IC


Topics

• Digital and Analog quantities

• Binary Digits

• Logic Levels & waveforms


• Basic logic operations
• Overview of basic logic functions
Digital and Analog quantities
• Analog Quantity:
– Continuous values
– Intensity of light during the day
– Rise and fall in temperature during a 24-hour period
– Velocity of a car travelling from A to B
• Digital Quantities:
– Discrete set of values
– True/False, On/Off, Yes/No, Near/Far etc
Analog versus Digital
Analog versus Digital
Advantages of Digital Systems
Advantages of Digital Systems
Analog Electronic System

Basic audio public address system


System with digital and analog methods

CD Player
Binary Digits
• Digits of a Binary system are called Bits (0,1)
• Two Voltage levels used to represent 1 and 0
• Codes (Combination of 1 and 0) represent
numbers, letters, symbols etc
• Positive Logic
– High = 1, Low = 0
• Negative Logic
– High = 0, Low = 1
Logic Levels
• Voltages used to represent 1 and 0 are logic levels

• Finite number of states that a signal can have

• Example, CMOS (2V to 3.3V and 0V to 0.8V )


Digital Waveforms
• Voltage levels that are changing back and
forth between high and low levels. It is made
up of series of pulses.

Pulse has two edges leading edge and a trailing edge.


Non ideal pulse
Rise time: Time for a pulse to
go from low to high level.

Fall time: Time for a pulse to go


from high to low level.

Amplitude: Height from base


line.

Pulse width: Measure of the


duration of the pulse.
Waveform characteristics

• Periodic: A pulse waveform that repeats itself at a


fixed interval (period T)
• Non periodic: A pulse waveform that does not
repeats itself at a fixed interval.
• Frequency: The rate at which pulse repeats itself and
is measured in hertz.
• Duty cycle: Ratio of the pulse width(tw) to period (T)
Periodic Pulse Waveforms

• Periodic pulse waveforms are composed of pulses that repeats


in a fixed interval called the period. The frequency is the rate it
repeats and is measured in hertz.

• The clock is a basic timing signal that is an example of a periodic


wave.
Digital waveform carries binary information

• Binary information appears as waveform that


represents sequence of bits.
• Waveform High = 1
• Waveform Low = 0
• Bit time: A bit in a sequence occupies a defined time
interval.
• Clock: In digital system all waveforms are synchronized
with a basic timing waveform called the clock.
• It’s a periodic waveform in which each interval
between pulses equals the time for one bit.
Timing diagram
Data Transfer
• Serial:
Data Transfer
• Parallel
Types of Serial Transmission
• Asynchronous Transmission

Keyboard type terminals (no storage required at local terminal)


Best for internet traffic (information transmitted in short bursts)
Types of Serial Transmission
• Synchronous Transmission

• No extra bits, No gap, for high speed communication


• Required local storage, Timing clock,
Comparison
Data Transfer
• A) Determine the total time required to serially
transfer the 8 bits contained in waveform and
indicate the sequence of bits. The left most bit is the
first to be transferred .The 1MHz clock is used as a
reference.

• B)what is the total time to transfer the same bits in


Parallel
Periodic Pulse Waveforms

• Example 1: A portion of periodic digital


waveform is given below. The measurements
are in millisecond. Determine the following:
A)Period B)frequency C)duty cycle
T
tw

0 1 10 11
Class Task
• Problem: A periodic digital waveform has
pulse width of 25 us and a period of 150 us.
Determine the frequency and duty cycle?

frequency =

duty cycle =
Class Task
• If binary data are transferred on a USB at the
rate of 480Mbps , how long it will take to
serially transfer 16 bits.?
Basic Logic Operations
Logic Gates
Logic Gates
AND

NOT
Logic Gates
OR
System Concept
• Three basic logic elements combine to from
logic functions like comparison, arithmetic,
code conversion, encoding, decoding, data
selection, counting and storage.
• Digital system is an arrangement of the
individual logic functions connected to
perform a specified operation or produce
defined output.
Comparison Function
• Comparator:
Arithmetic Function
• Adder
Code Conversion
• Encoding Function:
Code Conversion
• Decoding Function:
Data Selection Function
• Multiplexer and Demultiplexer:
Storage Function
• Flip-flops: Bistable logic circuit, one bit at a time

• Registers: Combination of several flip-flops


– Serial shift registers
– Parallel shift registers

• Semiconductor memories: Store large no. of bits, ROM and RAM

• Magnetic memories: Mass storage, floppy, HD etc.

• Counter: Count events represented by changing levels or pulses.


Implemented using flip flops.
Process Control Systems

Tablet counting and control system


Digital Integrated Circuits
• All logic elements and functions available in IC form
• Small size, high reliability, low cost and low power
consumption.
• Monolithic IC: Single small chip of silicon
• All components of a circuit: transistors, diodes,
resistors, capacitors etc.
• Logic
– Fixed function
– Programmable
IC Packages
• Dual in-line package (DIP): Through-hole package

• Small out-line package (SOIC): Surface-mount


technology (SMT)
IC Packages
• SMT packages
– SSOP (Shrink small-outline package)
– PLCC (Plastic-leaded chip carrier)
– LCC (leadless ceramic chip)
– CSP (Chip cycle package)
– FBGA (Fine-pitch ball grid array)
Pin Numbering

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