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Pdev Lesson 3 Humanistic and Cognitive Theory

This document provides an overview of humanistic and cognitive theories of personality. It discusses Carl Rogers' humanistic theory that people desire to satisfy physiological and psychological needs to achieve self-actualization. It also outlines Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. Additionally, it explains George Kelly's cognitive theory that people develop constructs to interpret and predict events, and that shared constructs influence cultural groups.

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17 views

Pdev Lesson 3 Humanistic and Cognitive Theory

This document provides an overview of humanistic and cognitive theories of personality. It discusses Carl Rogers' humanistic theory that people desire to satisfy physiological and psychological needs to achieve self-actualization. It also outlines Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. Additionally, it explains George Kelly's cognitive theory that people develop constructs to interpret and predict events, and that shared constructs influence cultural groups.

Uploaded by

Mav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 4: THEORIES OF

PERSONALITY
Continuation…..

Humanistic/Phenomenological Theory
Cognitive Theory of Personality
Prepared and presented by:
Prof. MARIA VICTORIA C. MACALE, MBA
Humanistic/Phenomenological Theory
(developed by Carl Rogers):
He theorized that every individual desires to
satisfy his physiological and psychological
needs to attain the level of self- actualization.
A healthy psychological development of the self
takes place in a climate where the child can
experience fully, can accept himself, and can be
accepted by parents even in misbehavior.
Humanistic Theories
Attempts to focus on private, subjective
experience and personal growth.
HUMANISTIC THEORY:

 People are Basically


Good
The basic ideas behind humanistic psychology are simple, Humanists hold the following beliefs:
 

1) The present is the most important aspect of the person and therefore
humanists focus on the here and now rather than looking at the past or
trying to predict the future.
2) Humanistic theory is reality based and to be psychologically healthy
people must take responsibility for themselves, whether the person's
actions are positive or negative.
3) The individual, merely by being human, posses an inherent worth. 
Actions may not be positive but this does not negate the value of the
person.
4) The goal of life should always be to achieve personal growth and
understanding.  Only through self-improvement and self-knowledge can
one truly be happy.
Supported by Baldwin(1945)
 That parent-child relationship should grow with
acceptance and democratic parental attitudes.
 Parents with this attitude showed an intellectual
development, originality, emotional security and
control.
 The children of rejecting, authoritarian parents
were unstable, rebellious, aggressive and
quarrelsome.
Same theory by Abraham Maslow

 That there is a hierarchy of needs that we need to fulfill


from simple physiological towards psychological
needs.
 For him, the highest stage which is self- actualization
entails maturity and selflessness.
Maslow’s 15 emotional traits characterized as “self-Actualizing” person:

1. They have a more efficient perception of reality(Open-minded


to real events and believes that life is full of uncertainties).
2. They are highly spontaneous (very natural in work).
3. They can easily accept others and themselves(not hypocrite).
4. They are problem-centered (self-searching for solution).
5. They are often detached (loves being private).
6. They have autonomy ( independent, cannot be influence by
environment and culture).
7. They have mystic experiences or the “oceanic feeling”.
8. “Gemeinschaftsgefuhl” .They feel one with mankind.
Continuation:

9. Continued freshness of appreciation(have a strong feeling of


gratitude).
10.Interpersonal relations. They have meaningful and deep
relationship with very few significant individuals.
11. Democratic. Their perceptions about others go beyond skin color,
status, creed etc.
12. Discriminate between means and ends. They do good but
distinguishes between how it will be done and what should be
achieved.
13. Sense of humor (witty, insightful, and philosophically humorous).
14. Creative (go beyond the usual).
15. Resist enculturation (never affected by fads, fashion , and crazes).
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Self-Esteem and
Prestige Needs

Belongingness, Love &


Emotional Needs (Social
Needs)

Safety & Security


Needs

Physiological
Basic Needs
Physiological needs:

 This is the most basic and first needs to be satisfied, are


the essentials for living- such as water, food, shelter, and
clothing.
 According to Maslow, humans devote all their efforts to
satisfying physiological needs until they are met.
 Only when these needs are met can people focus their
attention on satisfying the next level of needs- security.
Security needs:

 Relate to protecting yourself from physical and


economic harm. Actions that may be taken to achieve
security include reporting a dangerous workplace
condition to management, maintaining safety equipment,
and purchasing insurance with income protection in the
event you become unable to work.
 Once security needs have been satisfied, people may
strive for social goods.
Social needs:
 Are the need for love, companionship, and friendship-
the desire for acceptance by others.
 To fulfill social needs, a person may try many things:
making friends with a co-worker, joining a group,
volunteering at a hospital, throwing a party.
 Once their social needs have been satisfied; people
attempt to satisfy their need for esteem.
Esteem needs:
 Relate to respect- both self-respect and respect from others. One aspect of

esteem needs is competition- the need to feel that you can do something
better than anyone else.
 Competition often motivates people to increase their productivity. Esteem

needs are not as easily satisfied as the needs at lower levels in Maslow’s
hierarchy because they do not always provide tangible evidence of success.
 However, these needs can be realized through rewards and increased

involvement in organizational activities.


 When people feel achieved some measure of respect, self-actualization
becomes the major goal.
Self-actualization needs:

 At the top of Maslow’s hierarchy, mean being the best


you can be.
 Self-actualization involves maximizing your potential.
 A self-actualized person feels that she or he is living life
to its fullest in every way.
Summary on Maslow's theory:
 Maslow’s theory maintains that the more basic needs at
the bottom of the hierarchy must be satisfied before the
higher-level goals can be pursued.
 Thus, people who are hungry and homeless are not
concerned in obtaining respect from their colleagues.
 Only when physiological, security and social needs have
been more or less satisfied do people seek for esteem.
 Maslow’s theory also suggests that if a low-level need is
suddenly reactivated, the individual will try to satisfy that
need rather than higher-level needs.
WHAT IS COGNITIVE THEORY OF PERSONALITY?

 This theory emphasizes how the individual perceives,


interprets, and conceptualizes events in his environment.
 Man is viewed as a scientist who develops a theory to
predict events.
 Kelly emphasizes that the growth and development of a
child is limited to the development of preverbal/personal
constructs during infancy and he interpreted that culture
involved in the process of learned expectation.
George Kelly

 According to Kelly, people belongs to the


same cultural group by nature of the fact
that they share certain ways of
interpreting events that affects us.
 They share the same kind of
expectations regarding certain kinds of
behavior.
 Kelly’s assumption on preverbal construct is also
found on the study of Signell (1966) that
children are more cognitive complex between
the ages 9 and 16.
 As children develop, they tend to become more
abstract in their thinking.
 They also tend to have a greater number of
ways of interpreting the environment and to
become more flexible in their interpretation of
events.
 George Kelly emphasized the
interpersonal world of the child…

 The way of interacting is our


personality.
Thank you for
listening…
Widescreen Pictures

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