Plant and Animal

Organ System and

their Functions
Structure of a Plant
• Plants are made up of many cells. Groups of similar cells work
together in a tissue.
• There are two main types of plant tissues:
• Meristematic tissues – are responsible for the growth and
development of the plant by producing permanent tissues.
• Permanent tissues – include surface, fundamental, and
vascular tissues. Surface tissues protect the different
organs of the plant. Fundamental tissues fill body space
and produce and store food. Vascular tissues conduct
water, minerals, sugars, and amino acids.
• Dermal tissues cover a plant. A thin layer of epidermis covers non-
woody parts. Several layers of cork cover woody plants.
 Each tissue has its job to do. For example, dermal tissue
covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. Dermal
tissue has several functions, including preventing the plant from
losing too much water. Tissues work together in organs.
Important plant organs include:
• roots
• leaves
• the stem
• reproductive organs, such as male and female
sex organs in flowers.
The Functions of Plant Organs
In plants, each organ has several jobs, or functions.
• Roots keep a plant in the ground. They also take in water
and nutrients from the soil.
• Leaves absorb sunlight, and make food for the plant by
photosynthesis. The waste product of photosynthesis,
oxygen, escapes through tiny holes in the leaves.
• The stem supports the leaves and flowers. It also transports
water and nutrients between the roots and the leaves.
• Reproductive organs allow a plant to produce new plants.
Structure and Functions of an Animal
Cell grow, mature, and undergo differentiation in multicellular
animals. Tissues are formed as a result of cell differentiation.
4 types of tissues found in animals:
• Epithelial Tissues
• Connective Tissues
• Muscular Tissues
• Nervous Tissues
A group of different tissues united to perform a common function
forms an organ. Several organs that perform together for a
common function make up an organ system. The human body is
made up of 11 organ systems.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
• It acts as a barrier to physical, chemical, and biological agents.
• The skin prevents water loss and regulates body temperature. It
transmits the senses of touch, pain, and pleasure and maintains
body temperature by secreting sweat.
• The hair lubricates the scalp, which secretes pheromones and
cools or warms our heads.
• The nails protect our fingers, which are a major tool used for
protecting ourselves and providing ourselves with food, shelter,
and sensations.
• The skin leaves us most vulnerable when it is compromised by
open wounds, allowing infectious agents into the body.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
The skeletal system supports and protects the body’s internal
organs.
• The ribs protect the abdominal organs, which are both
vulnerable to injury and dangerous to our well being when
injured.
• The skull protects our brain which controls all functions of our
bodies and minds.
• The skeleton provides the framework and shape to our bodies.
It also connects to our major muscles to allow movement.
• Bones store minerals such as calcium and create blood cells in
the soft bone tissue called marrow.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and power the actions
that maintain blood flow through our body;
• Smooth, or involuntary muscles are found in the heart and
organs, they surround the internal organs and are responsible
for their movement such as moving food through the digestive
tract; and
• Skeletal, or voluntary muscles, are responsible for carrying
out the actions and movements caused by messages sent from
our brains through our nervous system. Skeletal muscles are
also responsible for maintaining posture and producing heat.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• This system transports clean fluids in our body back to the
blood and drains excess fluids and debris from the tissues and
cells of the body.

• It also houses the white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in

protecting our bodies from infection.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• This system maintains our breathing.

• It supplies the body with oxygen for cellular respiration by

collecting oxygen in the lungs and disposes of carbon dioxide
by breathing out the waste product.

• It also provides our functions of speech and smell.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Beginning with our mouths, this system is responsible for the
breaking down and absorption of nutrients and the elimination
of the waste not utilized by the body.

• It is responsible for identifying which minerals, vitamins, and

other essentials from the foods we eat can be absorbed and
utilized or stored by the body and which are to be disposed of,
and carrying out those functions.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• This system is actually made up of two distinct parts; the central
nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system.
• The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord,
and the peripheral nervous system is made up of all the nerves that
lead into and out of the CNS to other parts of the body.
• The entire nervous system controls all of the other systems of the
body, such as digestion and cardiac rhythm, and responds to
internal and external changes, such as activating muscles and
breathing.
• It also transmits information to the brain, such as pain and external
sensations.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• The glands of the endocrine system secrete chemicals called
hormones that regulate most of the processes in our bodies
such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and even the control
of the amount of glucose in our blood.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• The heart, made of cardiac muscle, pumps blood and blood
vessels such as arteries and veins, transport the blood to every
part of our body providing organs and muscles with
nourishment.
• The blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste and
more throughout the body.
URINARY SYSTEM

• This system is responsible for eliminating waste products of

metabolism and other materials from the body that are of no
use.
• The system is also responsible for maintaining the balanced
fluid volume in our bodies by regulating the amount of water
that is excreted, maintaining the concentrations of electrolytes,
and normal pH levels of the blood.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• MALE (prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens)
• FEMALE (Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, fallopian
tube)
• The reproductive system mainly functions to create human life.
Ovaries produce female sex hormones and eggs. Eggs are
fertilized in the fallopian tube by sperm then travel to the
uterus, which provides the site for growth. The mammary
glands produce milk for the newborn.