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Institute - Uie Department-Civil Engineering

This document provides an overview of a lecture on soil exploration and field testing. The objectives of the lecture are to impart knowledge on the basics, importance, scope and objectives of soil exploration. Key points covered include defining soil exploration, its importance for determining subsurface conditions and properties, and the objectives of soil exploration such as determining the nature and thickness of subsurface layers, depth of the groundwater table, and strength characteristics of soils and rocks. Preliminary desk studies and field and laboratory testing are important parts of soil exploration projects.

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58 views25 pages

Institute - Uie Department-Civil Engineering

This document provides an overview of a lecture on soil exploration and field testing. The objectives of the lecture are to impart knowledge on the basics, importance, scope and objectives of soil exploration. Key points covered include defining soil exploration, its importance for determining subsurface conditions and properties, and the objectives of soil exploration such as determining the nature and thickness of subsurface layers, depth of the groundwater table, and strength characteristics of soils and rocks. Preliminary desk studies and field and laboratory testing are important parts of soil exploration projects.

Uploaded by

tarun23007
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INSTITUTE - UIE

DEPARTMENT- CIVIL ENGINEERING


ME Geotechnical Engineering
Subject Name and Code: Soil Exploration and Field Testing
20CEJ613
Prepared by: Mr. Tarun Sharma

Introduction to Soil Exploration and Field


DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Testing
LECTURE OBJECTIVE AND OUTCOME

OBJECTIVE
• The objective of this lecture is to impart knowledge on the basics, importance,
scope, objectives, and preliminary desk studies of soil exploration.

OUTCOME
• At the end of this lecture, you will learn the objectives of soil exploration and
relevant preliminary desk studies. It will also provide a basic foundation for
studying the upcoming topics like soil exploration techniques, field testing,
data presentation, etc.

2
SOIL EXPLORATION
Soil exploration / Soil Investigation / Site
Investigation is the examination of surface
and subsoil layers for various purposes:
agriculture; civil works and construction; 1

location of public amenities (roads, parks,


dams, etc.); location of industries and
2

mining; sourcing of sites for waste disposal, 3

and especially harmful waste materials (e.g.,


nuclear wastes), and so on. The field and lab 4

investigations are required to obtain the


necessary soil data for proper design and
successful construction of any structure at the
site.
INTRODUCTION
Poll Question

Structures such as stations and retaining walls do not need


geotechnical information for foundation design.

True
False
Poll Question

What kind of information do we get from site investigation?


Index Properties
Soil Type
Location of Ground water table
Strength Properties
All of the above mentioned
With Reference to Dams

St. Francis dam of


California (Collapse)
With Reference to Reservoirs

Hondo reservoir of New


Mexico
With Reference to Tunnels

Ramganga diversion
tunnel (Himalayas)
With Reference to Bridges

Failure of a bridge near


Cornwall (Canada)
With Reference to Roads and Railways

Boulderfalls along some


sections of Roe Ghat on
the Bombay-Pune line
Poll Question

Structures such as stations and retaining walls do not need


geotechnical information for foundation design.

True
False
Poll Question

What kind of information do we get from site investigation?

Index Properties
Soil Type
Location of Ground water table
Strength Properties
All of the above mentioned
Poll Question

Doing the Site exploration at one point of location at one point of


observation may give you the variation in soil level around the whole
site.

Yes
No
IMPORTANCE
• Civil engineering constructions like dams and bridges will have their
foundations on geological formations of the earth's surface. Therefore, their
stability and safety depend on the competence of the insitu rocks of the sites
concerned.
• Also, to be economical, such competent foundation rocks should be at a
shallow depth.
• Further, for huge constructions like dams, building materials are required in
very large quantities near the site. Otherwise, the cost of construction will
increase. These critical details of civil engineering importance, i.e. durability and
competence of foundation rocks, their depth of occurrence, availability of
building material near project sites, can be reliably obtained from geological and
geophysical studies.
IMPORTANCE
• Public building officials may require soil data together with the
recommendations of the geotechnical consultant prior to issuance of a
building permit.

• Elimination of the site exploration, which usually ranges from about


0.5 to 1 percent of total construction costs, only to find after
construction has started that the foundation must be redesigned is
certainly false economy.

• So, a thorough investigation of the site is an essential preliminary to


the construction of any civil engineering works.
OBJECTIVES

1. Determination of the nature of subsurface medium.


2. Thickness of various subsurface strata, their depths,
lateral extent.
3. Depth of groundwater table and its probable fluctuation
4. Underground seepage/erosion in case of deeper
excavation.
5. Composition of groundwater, possible contamination
which can compromise the safety of foundation.
Poll Question

To determine the nature of subsurface medium means_______

To check the depth of the subsruface


To check the kind of medium deposit
To check the location of groundwater table
To check the existence of seepage/erosion
Poll Question

Central ground water board gives the data of depth of ground water at
a particular location
Yes
No
OBJECTIVES (Contd.)
6. Strength characteristics of various soil/rock layers till the depth of interest.

7. To predict possible challenges which may arise during actual construction of


foundation and be prepared for the remedial options.
8. To provide solution in case of distress.
9. To ensure the safety of adjoining structures nearby the site.
10. Identification of problematic medium at the site of interest which is to be given
due importance.
11. In case the rock medium to be used as construction material, the extent of
excavation, its depth and strength characteristics to be known.
SUMMARY
• In this lecture, we studied the relationship of soil mechanics with soil
exploration and field testing.

• What is soil exploration?

• Importance of the soil exploration.

• In the end, we discussed the objectives of soil exploration in detail like


soil strata, groundwater level, field investigation and laboratory testing.
23
REFERENCES
Books
• J. E. Bowles, “Foundation Analysis and Design”, McGraw Hill Companies, 1997.
• M. D., Desai, “Ground Property Characterization from In-Situ Testing”,
Published by IGS-Surat Chapter, 2005.
• M. J., Hvorslev, “Sub-Surface Exploration and Sampling of Soils for Civil
Engineering Purposes”, US Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, 1949.
• Surface exploration and sampling of soils for Civil Engineering – Purposes –
M.JundHvorslev – Waterways Experiment Station, MISSISSIPPI, 1978.

Websites
• www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/webpage_data/nptel/Civil
%20Engineering/Foundation_Engineering/Course_home1.1.html

24
THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]

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