Microscopes/

 Itis estimated that the human race

grows daily by about 214,000
people.

 Ittakes only 15 watts of electricity

going through a human body to
stop the heart. Common lightbulbs
run on about 25 to 75 watts of
electricity.
Microscopes

Objectives:
• To name the parts of the
microscope and describe their
functions
Microscopes

Objectives:
• To name the parts of the
microscope and describe their
functions
• To describe how to properly use a
compound microscope.
Microscopes

Objectives:
• To name the parts of the
microscope and describe their
functions
• To describe how to properly use a
compound microscope.
• To compare a compound to a light
microscope
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Arm-
Support
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Arm-
Support

Stage - support
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Arm-
Support

Stage - support
Coarse adjust –
general focus
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Arm-
Support

Stage - support
Coarse adjust –
general focus
Fine Focus – high
power focus
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Arm-
Support

Stage - support
Coarse adjust –
general focus
Fine Focus – high
power focus

Base - support
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Arm-
Support

Stage - support
Coarse adjust –
general focus
Fine Focus – high
Light source power focus

Base - support
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Arm-
Support

Stage - support
Coarse adjust –
Diaphragm – adjusts general focus
amount of light Fine Focus – high
Light source power focus

Base - support
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Arm-
Support

Stage - support
Stage clips – holds slide Coarse adjust –
Diaphragm – adjusts general focus
amount of light Fine Focus – high
Light source power focus

Base - support
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Objective Lenses Arm-

Scanning = 4X Support
Low Power = 10X
High power = 40X Stage - support
Stage clips – holds slide Coarse adjust –
Diaphragm – adjusts general focus
amount of light Fine Focus – high
Light source power focus

Base - support
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Revolving nosepiece
Objective Lenses Arm-
Scanning = 4X Support
Low Power = 10X
High power = 40X Stage - support
Stage clips – holds slide Coarse adjust –
Diaphragm – adjusts general focus
amount of light Fine Focus – high
Light source power focus

Base - support
Label the parts on your
microscope picture. Eyepiece/ocular lens
magnification = 10X

Revolving nosepiece
Objective Lenses Arm-
Scanning = 4X Support
Low Power = 10X
High power = 40X Stage - support
Stage clips – holds slide Coarse adjust –
Diaphragm – adjusts general focus
amount of light Fine Focus – high
Light source power focus

Base - support
Magnification of a Compound Microscope
• Because you are looking through multiple lenses the lenses have a
“compounding” effect.
• The eyepiece always magnifies 10X

  Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification

 
Scanning lens (red)    

10X
 
Low Power (yellow)    

10X
 

High Power (blue)

10X    
Magnification of a Compound Microscope
• Each of the objective lenses have their own magnification

  Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification

   
Scanning lens (red)  

10X 4X
   
Low Power (yellow)  

10X 10X
 

High Power (blue)

10X 40X
 
 
Magnification of a Compound Microscope
• You then multiply the eyepiece with the objective lens to
determine the total magnification

  Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification

   
Scanning lens (red)  

10X 4X 40X
     
Low Power (yellow)
10X 10X 100X
   
 
High Power (blue)
10X 40X 400X
 Other Laboratory Techniques

 Staining  Centrifugation
– A device that can spin tube
– Dyes are added to
up to 20,000X/min. This is
slides to bring out used to separate samples
detail and stain certain (I.e. parts of cells
features.

 Cell Culture
– Cells of a particular kind
are grown on plates with all
their required nutrients.
 Limits of Resolution
• As we focus the microscope to higher powers we see
more and more detail, until a certain point. Then
objects become blurry and detail is lost. Think of
blowing up a picture too big.
•
Click here to
zoom

• Resolution is out ability to distinguish two points as

separate.
• Electron Microscopes have a much higher limit of
resolution.
 The Electron Microscope
Allows us to see very high resolution images

                                                 

           

PREDATORY ANT SCALES AND SETAE

WITH PEAR PSYLLA ON LEPIDOPTERA  Dust mite
IN ITS MOUTH
 The Electron Microscope
How does it work?

They use giant electromagnets to sent a

stream of electrons over the specimen.
This image is then read by a computer.
 Light Electron
Light verses Means of Ray of light Beam of
Electron Transmitting electron
Microscopes image
Focuses with
Stains tissue with
Slices tissue with
magnification
Type of cells
viewed
Year introduced
Amount of detail
 Light Electron
Light verses Means of Ray of light Beam of
Electron Transmitting electron
Microscopes image
Focuses with Lenses Magnets
Stains tissue with
Slices tissue with
magnification
Type of cells
viewed
Year introduced
Amount of detail
 Light Electron
Light verses Means of Ray of light Beam of
Electron Transmitting electron
Microscopes image
Focuses with Lenses Magnets
Stains tissue with Colorful Heavy
dyes metals
Slices tissue with
magnification
Type of cells
viewed
Year introduced
Amount of detail
 Light Electron
Light verses Means of Ray of light Beam of
Electron Transmitting electron
Microscopes image
Focuses with Lenses Magnets
Stains tissue with Colorful Heavy
dyes metals
Slices tissue with Steel Diamonds
magnification
Type of cells
viewed
Year introduced
Amount of detail
 Light Electron
Light verses Means of Ray of light Beam of
Electron Transmitting electron
Microscopes image
Focuses with Lenses Magnets
Stains tissue with Colorful Heavy
dyes metals
Slices tissue with Steel Diamonds
magnification 2000X 250,000 or
more
Type of cells
viewed
Year introduced
Amount of detail
 Light Electron
Light verses Means of Ray of light Beam of
Electron Transmitting electron
Microscopes image
Focuses with Lenses Magnets
Stains tissue with Colorful Heavy
dyes metals
Slices tissue with Steel Diamonds
magnification 2000X 250,000 or
more
Type of cells Living or Dead only
viewed dead
Year introduced
Amount of detail
 Light Electron
Light verses Means of Ray of light Beam of
Electron Transmitting electron
Microscopes image
Focuses with Lenses Magnets
Stains tissue with Colorful Heavy
dyes metals
Slices tissue with Steel Diamonds
magnification 2000X 250,000 or
more
Type of cells Living or Dead only
viewed dead
Year introduced 1660’s 1930’s
Amount of detail
 Light Electron
Light verses Means of Ray of light Beam of
Electron Transmitting electron
Microscopes image
Focuses with Lenses Magnets
Stains tissue with Colorful Heavy
dyes metals
Slices tissue with Steel Diamonds
magnification 2000X 250,000 or
more
Type of cells Living or Dead only
viewed dead
Year introduced 1660’s 1930’s
Amount of detail Flat image 3-D image
 General Procedures
• ·  Make sure all backpacks are out of the
aisles before you get a microscope!
Always carry the microscope with one
hand on the Arm and one hand on the
Base.
• ·  Wear your glasses, the microscope will
focus to your eyesight!
• ·  Keep both eyes open, your brain will
learn to ignore the other eye.
 Focusing a Specimen

 Always start on low power or

scanning.
 Focusing a Specimen

 Always start on low power or

scanning.
 Focus the specimen using the course
adjust.
 Focusing a Specimen

 Always start on low power or

scanning.
 Focus the specimen using the course
adjust.
 Re-center. If high power is needed,
turn only after re-centering!
 Focusing a Specimen
 Always start on low power or scanning.
 Focus the specimen using the course adjust.
 Re-center. If high power is needed, turn
only after re-centering!
 Now use the FINE FOCUS ONLY for
your final adjustments.
 Making a Wet Mount
1. Gather a very thin slice/piece of whatever your
specimen is. All samples should be paper thickness or
thinner!
2. Place ONE drop of water directly over the specimen.
3. Place the cover slip at a 45 degree angle with one edge
touching the water drop, and let go.
 Making good drawings
1. Don’t even think of starting your drawing unless you have a pencil
(colored are even better) drawings in pen are unacceptable. This is
for two reasons:
        (a) You can erase pencil!
        (b) You can shade in areas more easily in pencil
2. In the upper left hand corner of each circle include the specimen
name as written on the slide label. In the upper right hand corner,
include the magnification (100x or 430x).
3. Label Everything you identify!

Cheek cell 100X

Cell membrane

nucleus
 Student handouts
 Microscope notes page
 Microscopes
Microscope Parts
Label with structure
and function

Magnification of Lenses
Eyep Objectiv Magnifica
 
iece e Lens tion

Scanning lens  
   
(red) 10X

Low Power
     
(yellow)
10X
High Power  
   
(blue) 10X
Practice live Cell Light verses Electron Microscope
Light Electron
Sketches
Means of
Transmitting
image

Focuses with

Stains tissue
with
Slices tissue
with
magnification

Type of cells
viewed

Year
introduced
Amount of
detail
Microscope Measurement Calculations Name_________________
Calculate the size of each specimen showing your set-ups in the block provided and the answer with the correct
units on the lines provided. Show all of your work for full credit!

1. Student X has a low power diameter of 1.8 mm. He estimates that 8 specimens fit across each
field. How large is each specimen?

2. Student A estimates that 14 specimens fit across his 1.6 mm low power diameter. How large is each
specimen?

3. On a 1.7 mm low power diameter field, student I judges that 30 specimens fit across. Calculate the
size of each specimen.

4. Student B cannot accurately determine the microscopic size of his specimen on low power. Upon
going to high power he estimates 45 specimens. His high power field size is 0.5 mm. Calculate the
microscopic field size of each specimen.

5. For a super small specimen student c judges 110 fit across the high power diameter. Calculate the
size of each specimen for a scope with a 1.7 mm low power diameter and a high power diameter of
0.425.

6. If a cell is 0.046 mm what is its size in microns?

7. A certain specimen is exactly the height of the low power field on a scope with a 1.8 mm diameter.
How tall is the specimen?

8. Student N has to move his slide twice, hence fitting the specimen in 2 fields of vision. Calculate
the size of the specimen for a 1.6 mm low power field.

9. Student M estimates his current specimen to be 9/10 or 0.9 of his 1.7 mm low power diameter field.
What is the size of the specimen?

Extra Credit
10. A specimen fills one full field and a little over half of another field(judged to be 0.7 field more).
Calculate its overall size for a 1.6 mm low power field.
Cell Sketches 16 points
name__________________________
Place the “e” on the slide so that it is facing you right side up

___Wet Mount Newspaper “e”__ ___________________

name of speciman magnification

Field of
Label 2 view seen
things through the
microscope

Place two hairs on the slide so they are crossed

____________________ ____________________
Microscope Measuring Lab Name____________Block_______
Lab Partner___________________
Low Power High Power Amoeba Wet Mount “e”
Field Field Width or (height)
length
Diameter in Estimated# across
mm l.p. diameter
Diameter in  Length in mm

Length in 

_
Wet Mount Nostic Paramecium Spirogyra Euglena Glaoecapsa
Hair (width) (diameter of (Length of 1 (Length of 1 (Length of 1 cell)
one cell) cell) cell In high High
Power***** Power***
Estimated
# across
l.p.
diameter
Length in
mm

Length in 

Extra Credit on Back